Hello, how can I replace a variable capacitor with a varicap

[michael1978]

hello, can somebody help me? i found this am receiver, but is using variable capacitor, how can i replace of do with varicap this circuits(i hava varicap bb112)

 

[Averagesupernova]

You will have a hard time finding a 500 pF varicap diode. I did a quick search on digikey and found: https://www.digikey.com/products/en?keywords=varactor

 

[michael1978]

You will have a hard time finding a 500 pF varicap diode. I did a quick search on digikey and found: https://www.digikey.com/products/en?keywords=varactor

this varicap is 520pF

 

[Svein]

The varicap is voltage driven, so you must isolate it with a 1nF capacitor at each end. Or - bring one end of the varicap to ground like this:

 

[michael1978]

The varicap is voltage driven, so you must isolate it with a 1nF capacitor at each end. Or - bring one end of the varicap to ground like this:
View attachment 221826

The varicap is voltage driven, so you must isolate it with a 1nF capacitor at each end. Or - bring one end of the varicap to ground like this:
View attachment 221826

I search a lot in internet and i so your circuits, and i did not find help so i come here to help me, because i have no variable capacitor
So to remove variable cabacitor, and to add R1 C1 VARICAP, but what about the antenna, how to make antenna, how to where to conected in the circuit?

 

[Averagesupernova]

this varicap is 520pF

Which varicap? The link I posted offers a number of them and nothing comes close to 500 pF.

 

[Merlin3189]

Datasheet
min = 440 pF, typ = 470 pF, max = 520 pF

I can't vouch for the datasheet as I've never had a BB112, but Siemens should know.

Edit: PS and BTW, I'm testing some diodes - varicaps, LEDs and simple power diodes - at the moment, and the record is over 1 nF for a Lucas DD710 low voltage power diode

 

[Merlin3189]

As for the antenna, use the same connection as in the original diagram. It is shown as inductively coupled to the tuning coil by the 4-5 t winding.

 

[Baluncore]

i found this am receiver, but is using variable capacitor, how can i replace of do with varicap this circuits(i hava varicap bb112)

A minor difficulty with that circuit is the floating voltage of the tuned circuit secondary.
If it is to use a varicap, controlled by a DC voltage, it will need to be referenced to ground.

But there is an envelope detector embedded in that circuit, which must not be broken by the change in front end bias.
That might explain why the input RF transformer has a floating tuned secondary.

The supply voltage is 9V, the varicap will need most of that. The control voltage pot needs a regulated voltage.
Without regulation, any change in battery voltage due to audio output load will de-tune the RF circuit.

The pot and regulator will use more current. So power consumption will rise with the change to a varicap.

 

[michael1978]

Which varicap? The link I posted offers a number of them and nothing comes close to 500 pF.

No this was orginal circuits so i replace varicap bb112, but i hear only noise

 

[michael1978]

Datasheet
min = 440 pF, typ = 470 pF, max = 520 pF

I can't vouch for the datasheet as I've never had a BB112, but Siemens should know.

Edit: PS and BTW, I'm testing some diodes - varicaps, LEDs and simple power diodes - at the moment, and the record is over 1 nF for a Lucas DD710 low voltage power diode

yes me too, but i connect without antenna i hear noise

 

[Baluncore]

No this was orginal circuits so i replace varicap bb112, but i hear only noise

@michael1978. That looks like LTspice. Have you been successful running that simulation ?
There are some obvious problems, it is easier to edit your file than create another.
Can you please attach your file.asc to a post with the txt extension as file.asc.txt
Attach the plot file in the same way if the simulation worked. file.plt.txt

 

[michael1978]

@michael1978. That looks like LTspice. Have you been successful running that simulation ?
There are some obvious problems, it is easier to edit your file than create another.
Can you please attach your file.asc to a post with the txt extension as file.asc.txt
Attach the plot file in the same way if the simulation worked. file.plt.txt

yes i send you, if you can help me... I RENAME am.asc into am.txt

 

[Baluncore]

Here is a modified bias circuit, no model for BB112 or Pot, but circuit should work.

C1 and C2 must be low leakage caps. Avoid power supply bypass caps.

 

[michael1978]

Here is a modified bias circuit, no model for BB112 or Pot, but circuit should work.
View attachment 221877
C1 and C2 must be low leakage caps. Avoid power supply bypass caps.

Here is a modified bias circuit, no model for BB112 or Pot, but circuit should work.
View attachment 221877
C1 and C2 must be low leakage caps. Avoid power supply bypass caps.

thank you very much, but i have just 2 more question, why you pick 47K to potentiometer, normally they say a few megaohms, and last where to connect antenna and i need simple inductor 200u ? and that was only for test trnsformer thanks

 

[Baluncore]

but i have just 2 more question, why you pick 47K to potentiometer, normally they say a few megaohms, and last where to connect antenna and i need simple inductor 200u ?

1. The resistor needs to be big to keep the Q of the LC circuit high. Any coupling capacitor or varicap reverse leakage current will flow through the resistor, so I use 47k as a starting value. Any resistor over 100k is likely to leak due to environmental contamination.
2. For MW reception I would wind 75 turns on a ferrite rod and use that for the tuning inductor and the antenna. No external antenna is needed.
You could experiment with 50 turns of wire on a 2" or 50mm plastic pipe or cardboard roll. Wind a temporary primary of 12 turns over the coil to couple an external antenna.

 

[michael1978]

1. The resistor needs to be big to keep the Q of the LC circuit high. Any coupling capacitor or varicap reverse leakage current will flow through the resistor, so I use 47k as a starting value. Any resistor over 100k is likely to leak due to environmental contamination.
2. For MW reception I would wind 75 turns on a ferrite rod and use that for the tuning inductor and the antenna. No external antenna is needed.
You could experiment with 50 turns of wire on a 2" or 50mm plastic pipe or cardboard roll. Wind a temporary primary of 12 turns over the coil to couple an external antenna.

hello
but can i use inductor in form of resistor? in place of ferrit rod they are the same of not?

 

[michael1978]

hello
but can i use inductor in form of resistor? in place of ferrit rod they are the same of not?

sorry i make you tired, can you answer me please... thnx

 

[davenn]

hello
but can i use inductor in form of resistor? in place of ferrit rod they are the same of not?

an inductor ISNT a resistor

follow @Baluncore 's instructions, he is wise in such things

 

[berkeman]

an inductor ISNT a resistor

He might be asking if he can use a high-resistance wire-wound resistor as an inductor, but I'm not able to decode his questions very well.

 

[Merlin3189]

I assumed he was talking about inductors which look like resistors.

 

[Baluncore]

The 200uH inductor is the secondary of an RF transformer. It should have low loss and low wire resistance. It is normal to use an air cored coil wound on a cardboard tube, or a smaller coil wound on a ferrite rod.

The primary of the air cored RF transformer is maybe 6 turns of wire wound over the secondary and used to lightly couple the antenna current into the tuned secondary.

The alternative is a ferrite rod that acts as an antenna wound with wire to make the tuning inductor. That may eliminate the need for the antenna and primary winding. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ferrite_core#Ferrite_rod_aerial

You might find a 200uH RF “choke” inductor with low loss characteristics, but I doubt it. If you use a small inductor, wound on a small ferrite slug, you will find it very difficult to couple the antenna signal into the small tuning inductor.

The reactance of 190uH at 530kHz is about 630 ohms. The BB112 varicap has a series resistance of 1.5 ohms so the Q will be about 300 which is OK on the AM broadcast band. Keep your tuning inductor wire resistance below 1.5 ohms to have good Q = selectivity.

There are many calculators, such as here; http://zpostbox.ru/how_to_calculate_inductors.html
Try 85 turns, spread over 40mm along a 40mm diameter former.
Work out the length of wire. Then from wire tables, the resistance. Will 85 turns fit along 40mm? 40 / 85 = 0.47mm diam wire.

 

[michael1978]

He might be asking if he can use a high-resistance wire-wound resistor as an inductor, but I'm not able to decode his questions very well.

an inductor ISNT a resistor

follow @Baluncore 's instructions, he is wise in such things

sorry you misundestand me, i have a inductor(i don't know how they call? they look like resistor, but they are inductor)

 

[michael1978]

I assumed he was talking about inductors which look like resistors.
View attachment 221894

yes like that...

 

[michael1978]

an inductor ISNT a resistor

follow @Baluncore 's instructions, he is wise in such things

sorry you misundestand me, i have a inductor(i don't know how they call? they look like resistor, but they are inductor)

 

[michael1978]

1. The resistor needs to be big to keep the Q of the LC circuit high. Any coupling capacitor or varicap reverse leakage current will flow through the resistor, so I use 47k as a starting value. Any resistor over 100k is likely to leak due to environmental contamination.
2. For MW reception I would wind 75 turns on a ferrite rod and use that for the tuning inductor and the antenna. No external antenna is needed.
You could experiment with 50 turns of wire on a 2" or 50mm plastic pipe or cardboard roll. Wind a temporary primary of 12 turns over the coil to couple an external antenna.

I have those inductor, thay work of not with this inductor?

 

[davenn]

I have those inductor, thay work of not with this inductor?
View attachment 221909

OK, got that cleared up

I will say no, you need to go with what Baluncore was telling you in post #22

 

[Baluncore]

I have those inductor, thay work of not with this inductor?

If you use a two terminal axial inductor, how will you connect the antenna?

The antenna connects to the primary of the RF transformer, the secondary is tuned to resonance with a capacitor.

 

[Merlin3189]

I don't know whether these inductors would work in this tuned circuit, but since he has them he could try it out. I would expect to be able to couple to it with an overwinding of a few turns, just as in the original circuit.

 

[michael1978]

I don't know whether these inductors would work in this tuned circuit, but since he has them he could try it out. I would expect to be able to couple to it with an overwinding of a few turns, just as in the original circuit.

thanks merlin

 

[michael1978]

If you use a two terminal axial inductor, how will you connect the antenna?

The antenna connects to the primary of the RF transformer, the secondary is tuned to resonance with a capacitor.

If you use a two terminal axial inductor, how will you connect the antenna?

The antenna connects to the primary of the RF transformer, the secondary is tuned to resonance with a capacitor.

sorry i did not know about that, i was think you bay axial inductor and you fixit, so you need a transformer and for every tunned receiver, but for what you use axial inductor?

 

[Baluncore]

but for what you use axial inductor?

Axial inductors were used in “through hole” circuit boards, but where still needed are replaced by surface mount components. Axial inductors were used to reduce the size of PCBs in analogue television and video tape recorders.

Physically small inductors are used to control the frequency response of high impedance analogue signal circuits. But analogue is now replaced by digital signal processing. Small inductors are used as “chokes” to block RF or high frequency noise in some signal circuits.

 

[Baluncore]

I don't know whether these inductors would work in this tuned circuit, but since he has them he could try it out. I would expect to be able to couple to it with an overwinding of a few turns, just as in the original circuit.

It is hard to keep the magnetic field inside a small inductor that is wound on an open ferrite spool. Well designed axial inductors will have an outer magnetic sleeve or screen to reduce the external stray fields. That will make it more difficult to magnetically couple by over-winding a primary.

It would be good to have a working receiver of conservative design, then to try minor changes in an attempt to improve performance.
It is a truism that, implementing too many new ideas in one prototype will always result in a failure.

Small inductors usually have thin wire, so high resistance. That makes the Q low and so reduces the selectivity if used in a tuned circuit.
Tuned circuit Q will be reduced by the varicap series resistance of a few ohms. That needs to be countered by an inductor with lower series resistance.

 

[michael1978]

It is hard to keep the magnetic field inside a small inductor that is wound on an open ferrite spool. Well designed axial inductors will have an outer magnetic sleeve or screen to reduce the external stray fields. That will make it more difficult to magnetically couple by over-winding a primary.

It would be good to have a working receiver of conservative design, then to try minor changes in an attempt to improve performance.
It is a truism that, implementing too many new ideas in one prototype will always result in a failure.

Small inductors usually have thin wire, so high resistance. That makes the Q low and so reduces the selectivity if used in a tuned circuit.
Tuned circuit Q will be reduced by the varicap series resistance of a few ohms. That needs to be countered by an inductor with lower series resistance.

thanks for helping me... ;-)
and for circuit you told me to make a coil, coil is winding turns in ferrit of bobbin, like in this video, If you have time to watch is 6min you do need to watch all, here is the link

what doe mean, when they say primary coil 200micro, and what about secondary? they don't say nothing about secondary?[/MEDIA]

 

[Baluncore]

what doe mean, when they say primary coil 200micro, and what about secondary? they don't say nothing about secondary?

Maybe something is different, or they do not know what they are doing or what they are saying.

I am at the end of the world. I do not have bandwidth for video. Video is not good for circuit diagrams.

For your RF transformer; The secondary is tuned by the variable capacitor. The secondary should be about 200uH.
You can wind the 6 turn primary on top of the secondary winding later. You can use PVC insulated wire for the primary.
Experiment with the relative position of primary and the number of turns.

 

[Merlin3189]

This is his circuit

The two coils are coupled - ie. close together on the same axis. I suppose you'd call the 25 turn coil the primary and the 90 turn coil the secondary, since that is the direction of the signal path and power flow, but it does not have any significance IMO.
The 90 turn coil is the tuning coil equivalent to the 200 μH inductance in your circuit. The 25 t coil is to couple the signal from the antenna into the tuned circuit.

I'm not sure what you are asking here, "what doe mean, when they say primary coil 200micro, and what about secondary? they don't say nothing about secondary?" As far as I can see, your first diagram makes no reference at all to primary nor secondary and it is IMO immaterial anyway. In the video of the crystal set, he talks about the primary and secondary, but does not mention any inductance value - he is just working by guesswork (probably well-informed guesswork).

I think it is unhelpful to worry about primary and secondary here. You are not designing a transformer and probably don't have enough information to do so.
The large coil - the 200 μH in the first circuit, the 90 turns in the second circuit - is the important one. It needs to have the correct inductance to match the tuning capacitor for the frequency you want to receive. 200 μH with 500 pF resonates about 500 kHz, the low frequency end of the medium wave band. As the capacitance is reduced, the resonant frequency increases to about 1.6 MHz at the high frequency end of MW band when the capacitance is down to 50 pF.

The smaller coil could possibly be calculated, but it depends on the aerial used and the construction of the main coil and position of the small coil. The 4-5 turns of the first circuit and the 25 turns of the crystal set are probably educated guesses or trial and error values. The first circuit appears to have a much higher turns ratio than the crystal set, which will reduce the aerial loading on the tuned circuit and give a higher Q to sharpen the tuning. I'm not sure why the crystal set has a lower ratio,

Aside from your question, I would very much agree with Baluncore in #33. Get the straightforward circuit working, before you start the modifications.
Stay with making your own coil: it will be much better than the inductor designed for blocking or damping RF and it is really quite easy to do. If you don't get exactly the right inductance, that won't matter much: you'll just get a different tuning range. (And you can then have another go at winding a coil, using the same wire and tube knowing proportionally how many turns more or less you need. Or if the coil is air cored, you may simply be able to add a core.)

 

[michael1978]

This is his circuit
View attachment 221964
The two coils are coupled - ie. close together on the same axis. I suppose you'd call the 25 turn coil the primary and the 90 turn coil the secondary, since that is the direction of the signal path and power flow, but it does not have any significance IMO.
The 90 turn coil is the tuning coil equivalent to the 200 μH inductance in your circuit. The 25 t coil is to couple the signal from the antenna into the tuned circuit.

I'm not sure what you are asking here, "what doe mean, when they say primary coil 200micro, and what about secondary? they don't say nothing about secondary?" As far as I can see, your first diagram makes no reference at all to primary nor secondary and it is IMO immaterial anyway. In the video of the crystal set, he talks about the primary and secondary, but does not mention any inductance value - he is just working by guesswork (probably well-informed guesswork).

I think it is unhelpful to worry about primary and secondary here. You are not designing a transformer and probably don't have enough information to do so.
The large coil - the 200 μH in the first circuit, the 90 turns in the second circuit - is the important one. It needs to have the correct inductance to match the tuning capacitor for the frequency you want to receive. 200 μH with 500 pF resonates about 500 kHz, the low frequency end of the medium wave band. As the capacitance is reduced, the resonant frequency increases to about 1.6 MHz at the high frequency end of MW band when the capacitance is down to 50 pF.

The smaller coil could possibly be calculated, but it depends on the aerial used and the construction of the main coil and position of the small coil. The 4-5 turns of the first circuit and the 25 turns of the crystal set are probably educated guesses or trial and error values. The first circuit appears to have a much higher turns ratio than the crystal set, which will reduce the aerial loading on the tuned circuit and give a higher Q to sharpen the tuning. I'm not sure why the crystal set has a lower ratio,

Aside from your question, I would very much agree with Baluncore in #33. Get the straightforward circuit working, before you start the modifications.
Stay with making your own coil: it will be much better than the inductor designed for blocking or damping RF and it is really quite easy to do. If you don't get exactly the right inductance, that won't matter much: you'll just get a different tuning range. (And you can then have another go at winding a coil, using the same wire and tube knowing proportionally how many turns more or less you need. Or if the coil is air cored, you may simply be able to add a core.)

Merlin is very good you learn also to make a variable capacitor en inductor, thank you a lot, and for antenna primary coil and they don't tell about secondary this site am receiver, normal when you have a time http://electronics-diy.com/electronic_schematic.php?id=979

Parts List for Varactor Crystal Detector Radio:

L1 - Primary, Antenna coil 1 - 100 uH <---------
L2 - Primary, Antenna coil 2 - 100 uH <----------
C1 - Antenna Capacitor - 500 pF, 200 VDC
C2 - Capacitor - 0.1 uF 50 VDC
C3 - Capacitor - 0.01 uF, Disc, 10 VDC
C4 - 1 nF, Disc, 10 VDC
C5 - 250pF, Band Extender Capacitor, Mica, 50 VDC
D1 - Diode - Germanium, point contact
R1 - Potentiometer - 10 kOhm
R2 - Resistor - 1 MOhm, 0.25 Watt, CC
V - Varactor Diode - Motorola MV1662, 250 pF
B - Battery 9 Volt - Transistor carbon zinc is fine
SW1 - SPST Switch, Band Extender
Magnetic headphone, or high impedance speaker

 

[Merlin3189]

The first crystal set is interesting - eg. I haven't seen that construction for a variable capacitor before. But I'm bot sure the result will be very good.
If I wanted a variable inductor, I think I'd either use an adjustable core or use a variometer design. The variable capacitor design I might consider, if I used copper foil and soldered the wires. I'd like to use a thinner dielectric, perhaps a rolled up sheet of plastic.

and for antenna primary coil and they don't tell about secondary this site am receiver, normal when you have a time http://electronics-diy.com/electronic_schematic.php?id=979

As I said, I don't like the transformer analogy for these circuits. But here it would be an autotransformer. The primary is the two coils in series and the secondary is the single coil where the crystal is attached. The primary here is the tuning inductor and the secondary is to provide a lower impedance output for the crystal.
Again, an alternative way of attaching the aerial would be another coil wound over the top of either section.

This looks an interesting circuit. And you could add a transistor stage rather like your first circuit.
I used a crystal set for several years as a boy, but was very impressed by the improvement when I added a transistor stage. Not so much the increase in volume, but the great improvement in tuning selectivity, because it reduced the loading on the tuned circuit.

 

[Baluncore]

In post #36 the 90 turn tuned secondary winding is shown with a ground connection and a tuning bar. If a tuning bar is used, the ground connection should be removed. That is because the turns between the ground end and the tuning bar, will form a short circuited section that will waste energy.

That is true of all inductors and transformers. Shorted turns are bad news.

 

[michael1978]

In post #36 the 90 turn tuned secondary winding is shown with a ground connection and a tuning bar. If a tuning bar is used, the ground connection should be removed. That is because the turns between the ground end and the tuning bar, will form a short circuited section that will waste energy.

That is true of all inductors and transformers. Shorted turns are bad news.

thanks, and where do you have to connect the secondary right side? where to connect?

have a nice wekend.

 

[michael1978]

nice wekend to everybody here.

 

[Averagesupernova]

In post #36 the 90 turn tuned secondary winding is shown with a ground connection and a tuning bar. If a tuning bar is used, the ground connection should be removed. That is because the turns between the ground end and the tuning bar, will form a short circuited section that will waste energy.

That is true of all inductors and transformers. Shorted turns are bad news.

How often though do we see shorted turns in coils similar to what you describe? A quick google turned up what I recall seeing in many antenna tuners/transmatches. I've always questioned it but usually just left stuff alone when fiddling with this equipment.
https://www.google.com/search?q=mfj...gB&biw=1280&bih=623#imgrc=_&spf=1521223166418
Linear amplifiers with tubes will do the same thing on the output matching network.

 

[michael1978]

How often though do we see shorted turns in coils similar to what you describe? A quick google turned up what I recall seeing in many antenna tuners/transmatches. I've always questioned it but usually just left stuff alone when fiddling with this equipment.
https://www.google.com/search?q=mfj...gB&biw=1280&bih=623#imgrc=_&spf=1521223166418
Linear amplifiers with tubes will do the same thing on the output matching network.

i don't understand, that video which show merlin, why is not good, when in the end the crystal set work, i watch all the video

 

[michael1978]

This is his circuit
View attachment 221964
The two coils are coupled - ie. close together on the same axis. I suppose you'd call the 25 turn coil the primary and the 90 turn coil the secondary, since that is the direction of the signal path and power flow, but it does not have any significance IMO.
The 90 turn coil is the tuning coil equivalent to the 200 μH inductance in your circuit. The 25 t coil is to couple the signal from the antenna into the tuned circuit.

I'm not sure what you are asking here, "what doe mean, when they say primary coil 200micro, and what about secondary? they don't say nothing about secondary?" As far as I can see, your first diagram makes no reference at all to primary nor secondary and it is IMO immaterial anyway. In the video of the crystal set, he talks about the primary and secondary, but does not mention any inductance value - he is just working by guesswork (probably well-informed guesswork).

I think it is unhelpful to worry about primary and secondary here. You are not designing a transformer and probably don't have enough information to do so.
The large coil - the 200 μH in the first circuit, the 90 turns in the second circuit - is the important one. It needs to have the correct inductance to match the tuning capacitor for the frequency you want to receive. 200 μH with 500 pF resonates about 500 kHz, the low frequency end of the medium wave band. As the capacitance is reduced, the resonant frequency increases to about 1.6 MHz at the high frequency end of MW band when the capacitance is down to 50 pF.

The smaller coil could possibly be calculated, but it depends on the aerial used and the construction of the main coil and position of the small coil. The 4-5 turns of the first circuit and the 25 turns of the crystal set are probably educated guesses or trial and error values. The first circuit appears to have a much higher turns ratio than the crystal set, which will reduce the aerial loading on the tuned circuit and give a higher Q to sharpen the tuning. I'm not sure why the crystal set has a lower ratio,

Aside from your question, I would very much agree with Baluncore in #33. Get the straightforward circuit working, before you start the modifications.
Stay with making your own coil: it will be much better than the inductor designed for blocking or damping RF and it is really quite easy to do. If you don't get exactly the right inductance, that won't matter much: you'll just get a different tuning range. (And you can then have another go at winding a coil, using the same wire and tube knowing proportionally how many turns more or less you need. Or if the coil is air cored, you may simply be able to add a core.)

sorry Merlin, what's wrong with that transformer?, how do i have to connect, can you tell me please

 

[Baluncore]

thanks, and where do you have to connect the secondary right side?

The end of the coil is simply left open circuit. The inductance is determined by the square of the number of turns that carry current. Those turns that are not connected have RF voltage but no RF current.

How often though do we see shorted turns in coils similar to what you describe? A quick google turned up what I recall seeing in many antenna tuners/transmatches. I've always questioned it but usually just left stuff alone when fiddling with this equipment.

One problem with switched multi-band tuners is that with RF, everything couples to everything else. It is standard practice to short circuit the tuned circuits for all unused bands. That prevents harmonic resonance of tuned circuits that might radiate outside the selected band, or upset the SWR reflectometer metering circuits.

 

[michael1978]

The end of the coil is simply left open circuit. The inductance is determined by the square of the number of turns that carry current. Those turns that are not connected have RF voltage but no RF current.One problem with switched multi-band tuners is that with RF, everything couples to everything else. It is standard practice to short circuit the tuned circuits for all unused bands. That prevents harmonic resonance of tuned circuits that might radiate outside the selected band, or upset the SWR reflectometer metering circuits.

Ah now i understand the lefte side of secondary you connect antenna and the right side you juse left the wire without connection, thanks.

 

[Merlin3189]

sorry Merlin, what's wrong with that transformer?, how do i have to connect, can you tell me please

Sorry Michael, I don't understand what you are asking here.

In all the circuits you need a coil with the right inductance (number of turns & size) to resonate with the capacitor at the frequency you want.

Any other coils - which are indeed wrapped round the same core, like a transformer - are there either to couple the antenna signal into the tuned circuit, or to couple the signal out of the tuned circuit into a detector or amplifier. To choose them or design them, we are thinking of impedance matching, with the dual aims (sometimes contradictory) of getting good signal transfer and avoiding loading the tuned circuit too much (or loading it just enough.)

Since the aerial impedance and the amplifier/detector impedance are usually complex (reactive) and often unknown, choosing the number of turns for these windings is often a matter of guesswork, experience and trial and error. (Well it was, and still is for me: some people use simulation software to work it out these days.)

 

[michael1978]

Sorry Michael, I don't understand what you are asking here.

In all the circuits you need a coil with the right inductance (number of turns & size) to resonate with the capacitor at the frequency you want.

Any other coils - which are indeed wrapped round the same core, like a transformer - are there either to couple the antenna signal into the tuned circuit, or to couple the signal out of the tuned circuit into a detector or amplifier. To choose them or design them, we are thinking of impedance matching, with the dual aims (sometimes contradictory) of getting good signal transfer and avoiding loading the tuned circuit too much (or loading it just enough.)

Since the aerial impedance and the amplifier/detector impedance are usually complex (reactive) and often unknown, choosing the number of turns for these windings is often a matter of guesswork, experience and trial and error. (Well it was, and still is for me: some people use simulation software to work it out these days.)

in post 36, you show me a picture how to connect a coil, so everything was good, but the right side of secondary was connected to the ground, so
mr Baluncore said (
In post #36 the 90 turn tuned secondary winding is shown with a ground connection and a tuning bar. If a tuning bar is used, the ground connection should be removed. That is because the turns between the ground end and the tuning bar, will form a short circuited section that will waste energy.

That is true of all inductors and transformers. Shorted turns are bad news.)

so that mean the right wire of secondary you don't have to connect to nothing, is that correct?

 

[Merlin3189]

Yes. I would agree with Baluncore: shorted turns seems a bad idea to me too. I just hadn't noticed it.
But you may like to look at this explanation why shorted turns do not matter in RF coils by AB2EZ. I may have to rethink my position! And Averagesupernova's link shows many examples where professional designs do short turns.

Yes, I think the right end of the coil can be left open. You can try it both ways and discover any effect. Let us know.

 

[michael1978]

Yes. I would agree with Baluncore: shorted turns seems a bad idea to me too. I just hadn't noticed it.
But you may like to look at this explanation why shorted turns do not matter in RF coils by AB2EZ. I may have to rethink my position! And Averagesupernova's link shows many examples where professional designs do short turns.

Yes, I think the right end of the coil can be left open. You can try it both ways and discover any effect. Let us know.

Thanks...