Help with pump motor control circuit from ArduPilot Mega 2.5

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SUMMARY

The discussion focuses on controlling a 12V, 3.6W pump motor using an ArduPilot Mega 2.5 microcontroller. The user is experiencing issues with insufficient voltage/current output from the microcontroller to activate the pump. Suggestions include using a Darlington transistor like the TIP111 for better gain, implementing a reverse-bias diode for protection against inductive loads, and ensuring proper grounding between the battery and microcontroller. Additionally, the use of PWM for speed control may be causing the pump to not receive adequate activation time.

PREREQUISITES
  • Understanding of BJT and Darlington transistor configurations
  • Knowledge of PWM (Pulse Width Modulation) for motor control
  • Familiarity with circuit protection using diodes
  • Basic electronics principles, including voltage and current relationships
NEXT STEPS
  • Research the TIP111 Darlington transistor specifications and applications
  • Learn about implementing reverse-bias diodes in inductive load circuits
  • Study PWM techniques for effective motor control
  • Explore grounding techniques in microcontroller circuits
USEFUL FOR

Electronics hobbyists, robotics engineers, and anyone involved in microcontroller-based motor control projects will benefit from this discussion.

mysticboon
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Hi. I'm currently trying to build a circuit in order to control a small pump motor from an ardupilot mega 2.5 microcontroller. The pump is rated at 12 v and 3.6 w but I only need to give it about 9 v for operation. I'm using a basic supply of 9 v battery or 2 in series to give the power necessary. I've designed a basic bjt circuit that outputs the correct voltage I need in simulation and theory, but when I connect it to the microcontroller output pin, the ardu cannot sync enough voltage/current to give me the output I need to turn on the pump. I've tried buffering the input with an op amp and several different configurations on my bjt circuit. Can anyone please help me out with this?
This is a rough schematic of the circuit I'm currently using:
circuit_zps3e4c3cea.jpg

Thank you for any help.
 
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Does the pump actually run when you connect it directly to the battery? 12v 3.6w is .3amps which is maybe a bit much for a small battery. There will be a voltage drop across the transistor so you won't get the whole 9v at the pump. Also you may not have enough gain with a simple transistor to switch fully on, you might need a darlington like the TIP111.

I presume the green resistor squiggle on your drawing is your pump, if so your circuit looks ok although I would use a reverse-bias diode for protection across any inductive load (a diode on the two pins of the green squiggle, pointing to the right). Make sure you have the ground at your negative battery terminal connected to the power supply ground of the micro-controller.

I'm also not sure what the square wave source that seems to be labeled 40Hz is for? If you are pulsing the transistor like that you are basically doing PWM speed control, and the pump motor may not be switched on long enough on each cycle. Try manually switching the transistor by disconnecting the left side of the red resistor and touching it to the battery + terminal. That should make it turn on and run the pump.
 

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