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erocored
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I have a neutral charged atom. When I bring an electron to this atom what the force will hold this electron with neutral atom?
Does the resulting force that act on the electron from the protons and electrons of the atom is zero?If an atom were a neutral particle, no force would work on the electron. An atom is made of nucleus with positive charge and electrons of negative charge. The nucleus attracts and the electrons repulse the additional electron. By the balance of these forces the atom may hold the additional electron. Quantum mechanics gives more details.
How much partially shielded?the positive charge of the nucleus is, at very close ranges, only partially shielded by the electrons.
Do you mean that one of the additional electrons can be knocked out by the others in any point of time?or even just lose that electron.
Most simple details:If an atom were a neutral particle, no force would work on the electron. An atom is made of nucleus with positive charge and electrons of negative charge. The nucleus attracts and the electrons repulse the additional electron. By the balance of these forces the atom may hold the additional electron. Quantum mechanics gives more details.
How much partially shielded?
On that scale there is no satisfactory alternative to a QM approach. I could mention that considering the Potential Energy in the system is probably the better approach over dealing with the forces. Only at large distances is the Electric Potential of the nucleus equal to the EP of the electrons so there is no simple ‘cancellation’ near the atom.I don't know to be honest. I think the answer is very complicated and requires large amounts of computational power to model accurately.
On that scale there is no satisfactory alternative to a QM approach.
The H atom is the only one with a 'closed' solution, afaik. Beyond that involves numerical solutions. There would seem to be very little point, though, in spending massive effort on a quasi mechanical calculation, which is what my earlier post didn't make clear. The concept of 'shielding' doesn't fit into it except as an arm waving justification that the two ideas don' actually clash too much.I was under the impression that even a QM approach still required large amounts of computational power to accurately model anything other than a hydrogen atom.
The H atom is the only one with a 'closed' solution, afaik
Electrons, according to quantum chemistry, have wave function related to their atomic orbitals. Actually the electrons largely overlap each other when in nuclear orbitals. There is no repulsive force between electrons, other than two electrons with identical spin can't occupy the same orbital. Atoms with partially filled shell/orbitals can accept an electron in that orbital.I think that's taking an already much-too mechanical model one step too far. Of course, electrons don't 'knock into' each other because the repulsive force between two charges would be too great for them to get that close.
Edit - but bound electrons really don't behave like particles anyway.
There is no repulsive force between electrons, other than two electrons with identical spin can't occupy the same orbital.
There is, just like between all other particles with the same type of electric charge.There is no repulsive force between electrons
I'm not sure what you mean by "naked ions" but free ions (not bound in molecules) exist in high density places, too.False question as naked ions only exist in very high vacuum.
I have to disagree with that, too. All the fields around all the particles in an atom are equally relevant. surely the idea of the so-called 'shielding' of the outer electrons cn be explained in terms of 'repulsive forces'.There is no repulsive force between electrons,