How do electrons flow in an electric circuit?

AI Thread Summary
Electrons in an electric circuit do not travel from the power source to the home; instead, they create a domino effect where one electron pushes another, leading to a wave-like propagation of motion. Initially, this motion appears instantaneous, but there is a transmission delay as the disturbance moves through the circuit. In conductors, free electrons act as charge carriers, moving past atoms rather than transferring from one atom to another. This means that while the electrons at one end are pushed, the entire circuit begins to conduct electricity almost simultaneously. Understanding this behavior is crucial for grasping how electric circuits function effectively.
lnsanity
Messages
34
Reaction score
0
I want to know if the flow of electron act like a domino effect where 1 electron enter 1 atom than 1 extra electron of that atom is ejected and so on or is it the same electron that move from where the current is produce to your home.
 
Physics news on Phys.org
It's the first one, though there is a transmission delay that makes it much more like a wave.
 
russ_watters said:
It's the first one, though there is a transmission delay that makes it much more like a wave.

Wave is a self propagating moving disturbance I think it is different than moving electron.
 
Last edited:
I think I explained that poorly: it is only the start of the motion that is wavelike. If you have a tube filled with ping pong balls and you push a ping pong ball into one end, one drops out the other end. At first glance, this may appear to be instantaneous, but it isn't. The motion starts as a wave propagating through the balls.
 
yeah, the electron doesn't need to go all the way around the circuit to start powering a lightbulb. It is as russ said, the electrons at one end get pushed, and these electrons push other electrons, which means that after a (very) short amount of time, all the electrons start moving around in a circuit.

Also, in a conductor, there are electrons which are not associated with any atom, they are (almost completely) free electrons, these are the ones which are the charge carriers. So it is not really true that the electrons are going from atom to atom, more that they travel past the atoms.
 
This is from Griffiths' Electrodynamics, 3rd edition, page 352. I am trying to calculate the divergence of the Maxwell stress tensor. The tensor is given as ##T_{ij} =\epsilon_0 (E_iE_j-\frac 1 2 \delta_{ij} E^2)+\frac 1 {\mu_0}(B_iB_j-\frac 1 2 \delta_{ij} B^2)##. To make things easier, I just want to focus on the part with the electrical field, i.e. I want to find the divergence of ##E_{ij}=E_iE_j-\frac 1 2 \delta_{ij}E^2##. In matrix form, this tensor should look like this...
Thread 'Applying the Gauss (1835) formula for force between 2 parallel DC currents'
Please can anyone either:- (1) point me to a derivation of the perpendicular force (Fy) between two very long parallel wires carrying steady currents utilising the formula of Gauss for the force F along the line r between 2 charges? Or alternatively (2) point out where I have gone wrong in my method? I am having problems with calculating the direction and magnitude of the force as expected from modern (Biot-Savart-Maxwell-Lorentz) formula. Here is my method and results so far:- This...
Back
Top