Domestic energy meters communicate with power utility centers using A-band powerline communication, connecting to a concentrator unit at residential distribution transformers. Each transformer services multiple homes, and the concentrator gathers encrypted meter data to forward it to the Utility Data Center, often utilizing RF and GSM modems for transmission. Reliable powerline networking is achieved by using meters as proxy nodes, allowing communication to continue even if some meters are too far for direct connection. While proprietary technology underpins this system, some information is becoming publicly available. The discussion also touches on the feasibility of alternative wireless sensor networks, though concerns about cost and implementation in regions like India are raised.
