To draw the shear and moment diagram, one must analyze the forces acting on the beam, particularly the reaction forces at the anchorage point. The discussion clarifies that the vertical force should be 60 kN, not 450 kN, to maintain equilibrium. It emphasizes the need to write equations for shear stress and bending moment for each section of the beam, plotting these on a graph. The maximum moment occurs at the anchorage point, while the end of the beam experiences no moment. Understanding the load distribution is crucial, especially at critical points along the beam.