How Do Proton and Alpha-Particle Speeds Affect Their Closest Approach Distance?

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SUMMARY

The discussion centers on calculating the closest approach distance between a proton and an alpha particle, both initially traveling at 0.01c. The incorrect approach involved equating the kinetic energy of the system to the potential energy, leading to an erroneous result of 1.16 x 10^5 m instead of the correct value of 19.2 femtometers (fm). Key parameters include the masses of the proton (1.67 x 10^-27 kg) and alpha particle (6.64 x 10^-27 kg), their charges (1.6 x 10^-19 C and 3.2 x 10^-19 C), and the Coulomb's constant (k = 9 x 10^9 N m²/C²).

PREREQUISITES
  • Understanding of kinetic and potential energy equations in physics.
  • Familiarity with the concept of electric charge and Coulomb's law.
  • Knowledge of relativistic speeds, particularly 0.01c.
  • Basic algebra skills for manipulating equations.
NEXT STEPS
  • Review the derivation of the closest approach formula in nuclear physics.
  • Study Coulomb's law and its application in particle interactions.
  • Learn about the implications of relativistic speeds on particle collisions.
  • Explore the concept of conservation of energy in particle physics.
USEFUL FOR

Students and educators in physics, particularly those focusing on nuclear interactions and particle physics, will benefit from this discussion.

erinec
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Homework Statement


A proton and an alpha-particle are fired directly toward each
other from far away each with an initial speed of 0.01c.
Determine their distance of closest approach measured between
their centres.

Homework Equations


See below.

The Attempt at a Solution



What I did was..

Kinetic Energy of the system = Potential Energy of the system
(.5*mp*v2) + (.5*mHe*v2) = k*qp*qHe / r
and then I solved for r, which gave me an incorrect answer.

What am I doing wrong?

I am just wondering.. could you please try this question and tell me what you get?

I get 1.16*105...
which is not the correct answer..

The correct answer is 19.2 fm.;;;
 
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erinec said:

Homework Statement


A proton and an alpha-particle are fired directly toward each
other from far away each with an initial speed of 0.01c.
Determine their distance of closest approach measured between
their centres.


Homework Equations


See below.


The Attempt at a Solution



What I did was..

Kinetic Energy of the system = Potential Energy of the system
(.5*mp*v2) + (.5*mHe*v2) = k*qp*qHe / r
and then I solved for r, which gave me an incorrect answer.

What am I doing wrong?

I am just wondering.. could you please try this question and tell me what you get?

I get 1.16*105...
which is not the correct answer..

The correct answer is 19.2 fm.;;;
Let's start by giving the relevant masses:
m_{He} = 6.64 \times 10^{-27} kg
m_{p} = 1.67 \times 10^{-27} kg
Charge:
q_{He} = 3.2 \times 10^{-19}C
q_p = 1.6 \times 10^{-19} C
Physical Constants:
k =9\times 10^9 \frac{N m^2}{C^2}
c = 3\times 10^8 m/s
Doing some algebra and plugging in these values I get something on the order of 10-16 m. Are you sure you plugged everything in correct?
 

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