How electrons show wave phenomenon within an atom?

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Electrons exhibit wave-like behavior within an atom, particularly in P-orbitals, which are represented as dumbbell shapes indicating high probability regions for finding electrons. These shapes do not imply that electrons occupy fixed positions; rather, they are constantly moving, making it impossible to pinpoint their exact location. The movement of electrons between different dumbbell lobes is influenced by interactions with external forces, such as vacuum fields, which can lead to spontaneous emissions. The uncertainty in determining an electron's position is a fundamental aspect of quantum mechanics, stemming from the commutation relationship between position and momentum. Consequently, it is not feasible to trace a specific trajectory for electrons around the nucleus.
Parveen
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what is wave and how electrons show wave phenomenon within an atom. like in Px or Py or Pz orbital how electrons interchanged from one dumble to another?
 
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Interchange from one dumbbell to the other?
Firstly these dumbbell shapes are just representations of the space where the probability of finding the electron is high. That's what I've understood, but I'm not certain about it
 
Definitely it's the probability of finding the electrons, but electrons can't stand still there they keep moving and moving from one dumble to another (i guess). and they are moving so fast that instead of determining their exact position we can only determine their probabilistic position. I have doubts about the trace followed by electrons of the atom while moving around nucleus in the P-orbital
 
Parveen said:
moving from one dumble to another (i guess). and they are moving so fast that instead of determining their exact position we can only determine their probabilistic position.
If the atom is isolated and is initially in one of the stationary states, part of which are associated to the types of orbital Px, Py, and Pz, then it will stay in this state (i.e. does not change to the other orbital shape) until interaction with vacuum field forces the electron to undergo spontaneous emission where it will go to the ground state.
The absence of the deterministic measurement of position is not caused by the electron being too swift for us to "catch" in place with high success rate, instead it is a consequence of the fundamental law of nature, which is manifested as a commutator between position and momentum. You can see this by considering an example where you have two wavepackets in momentum space at ##t=0##: ##\psi_1(p) = A \exp\left(-p^2/\sigma_P^2\right)## and ##\psi_2(p) = A \exp\left(-(p-p_c)^2/\sigma_P^2\right)##. These two wavepackets correspond to the an electron which kind of stand still and to an electron which kind of move with velocity ##p_c/m##, moreover they also have the same momentum uncertainty. If you calculate the position space wavepacket, you should find that they have identical uncertainty in space, although one is not moving and the other is.
Parveen said:
I have doubts about the trace followed by electrons of the atom while moving around nucleus in the P-orbital
No, you can't find the trajectory of an electron around the nucleus.
 
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