How protons electrons and neutrons relate to an atom's characteristics

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SUMMARY

The discussion centers on the relationship between protons, electrons, and neutrons in determining an atom's characteristics, specifically using the hydrogen atom as an example. It highlights that hydrogen, with one electron and one proton, exhibits different states (solid, liquid, gas) based on temperature, particularly around -259.1°C. The conversation emphasizes that while atomic structures influence bulk properties, these properties are not solely defined by atomic composition, as emergent properties can arise that are unpredictable.

PREREQUISITES
  • Understanding of atomic structure, including protons, electrons, and neutrons.
  • Knowledge of phase changes in matter (solid, liquid, gas).
  • Familiarity with temperature effects on states of matter.
  • Concept of emergent properties in physical sciences.
NEXT STEPS
  • Research the properties of hydrogen and its phase transitions.
  • Explore the concept of emergent properties in materials science.
  • Study the effects of temperature on atomic behavior and states of matter.
  • Investigate the relationship between atomic structure and material properties in different elements.
USEFUL FOR

Students of chemistry, physicists, and anyone interested in the fundamental properties of matter and atomic theory.

Vacrin
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So i was wondering if perhaps a atoms electrons protons and neutrons determine all of its characteristics, such as the hydrogen atom. having only one electron and one proton. it makes it turn into a liquid and solid very close together, and a gas anything above about -259.1°C. and the characteristics of all the others, determined by their particles. it may sound crazy but might it be possible?
 
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Bulk properties are generally considered emergent from simpler underlying rules - the atomic structures being key.
However, bulk properties are not entirely defined by the atomic structure of it's constituents - i.e. a solid may have a crack in it ... the structure of the crack is not predictable from the atomic structure.

But then - emergent properties are seldom predictable.
 

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