Smoke can inhibit bacterial growth primarily through food preservation methods rather than directly killing bacteria. The process involves reducing moisture and lowering water activity, which concentrates solutes like sugars and salts, creating an environment unfavorable for bacterial proliferation. Additionally, smoking can alter the pH of the food, often making it more acidic, which further prevents microbial growth. While smoke may have some antibacterial properties, its effectiveness is more about creating conditions that deter bacteria rather than outright killing them.