Heat can be converted to electricity using devices like thermopiles and Peltier modules, although the efficiency is generally low. Thermopiles consist of an array of thermocouples that generate electricity when exposed to heat, and they are commonly used in applications like gas appliances to power safety features. Peltier modules can also absorb heat and convert it to electricity, but they are not typically designed for high-efficiency power generation. For practical applications, thermopiles are more suitable for capturing waste heat from conductors. Overall, while conversion is possible, the output voltage is usually limited to around two volts.