Isotopes are atoms of the same element that have different numbers of neutrons in their nuclei. This means they have the same number of protons and electrons, but different atomic masses.
Isotopes emit energy through a process called radioactive decay, where the unstable nucleus of an isotope releases high-energy particles or electromagnetic radiation to become more stable.
The half-life of an isotope is the amount of time it takes for half of the radioactive atoms in a sample to decay. It is a constant value for each isotope and can range from fractions of a second to billions of years.
Isotopes are used in nuclear energy to produce electricity through controlled nuclear reactions. This involves using the energy released from the decay of radioactive isotopes to heat water and produce steam, which then turns turbines to generate electricity.
Some isotopes can be harmful if they are unstable and emit high levels of radiation. However, many isotopes have important uses in medicine, industry, and research. It is important to handle and dispose of radioactive isotopes properly to minimize potential harm.