Fukushima Japan Earthquake: nuclear plants Fukushima part 2

AI Thread Summary
A magnitude-5.3 earthquake struck Fukushima, Japan, prompting concerns due to its proximity to the damaged nuclear power plant from the 2011 disaster. The U.S. Geological Survey reported the quake occurred at a depth of about 13 miles, but no tsunami warning was issued. Discussions in the forum highlighted ongoing issues with tank leaks at the plant, with TEPCO discovering loosened bolts and corrosion, complicating monitoring efforts. There are plans for fuel removal from Unit 4, but similar structures will be needed for Units 1 and 3 to ensure safe decontamination. The forum also addressed the need for improved groundwater management and the establishment of a specialist team to tackle contamination risks.
  • #701
Rive said:
The main fuel mass is down, but there is no guarantee that some debris is not left there above water level.

Also, with adding 'clean' water and removing contaminated water, the average contamination level in the basement water is decreasing (as I recall, a year ago it was ~ two decades lower than in the beginning).

With the reactor breached, adding water means any that spills out goes into the containment, where the fuel debris should be.

I mean, there's no reason you can't inject to the dry well spray spargers, but injecting to the reactor core guarantees you get any debris in there too.

If you stop injecting, between lowering level and heating up water you run the risk of airborne contamination. Not desirable. The water also acts as shielding.
 
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  • #702
Is the fuel still generating that much heat?
We're now 4 years since the accident, how much residual activity does the fuel have.
There was a curve, from MIT I think, that projected the decay heat. The levels by now should be much less than earlier if that chart was accurate.

I'm sort of thinking of the Chernobyl 'Elephants Foot' as a model, a mass of congealed fuel, containment steel and concrete material. Is that still unrealistic?
 
  • #703
I can't say for certain. Remember the elephant's foot mixed with a ton of sand from around the reactor, which my understanding is that it helped to change its structure and allow it to solidify.

The fuel still releases heat. It's "safe" if it's uncovered with water, but you lose the shielding effect and now have airborne potential. Keeping it submerged prevents those issues.

It's not enough heat to do damage but it can be problematic in other ways.
 
  • #704
etudiant said:
Is the fuel still generating that much heat?
It is not. Generally, it takes 3-5 years for fuel to be ready for dry storage after removed from the core. However, it's not just about the heat generation. It's now a melted mass, with much lower surface/mass ratio, so it still can be/go hot if the cooling is not adequate.

Also, the mentioned 'elephant foot' started to crumble after some years. So corium indeed hase some potential to go airborne with time.
 
  • #705
I think it's just inertia.
If you change anything and something bad happens, you are getting the blame.
 
  • #707
http://www.tepco.co.jp/nu/fukushima-np/handouts/2015/images/handouts_150629_05-j.pdf
This is a report regarding the preparations being made for that A2 investigation of PCV of Unit 2. (There is a previous post about this operation on page 35 of this thread.)
It is in Japanese only but still worth taking a look.

Page 2 shows that they have removed most of the concrete blocks located in the front of the X-6 penetration, using a remote controlled robot.

Page 4 shows the results of radiation dose measurements around X6 penetration. Highest recorded value was 1197 mSv/h (informative value only, considering that the apparatus used for measurement has a maximum scale value of 999 mSv/h). They believe that only about 100 mSv/h is direct radiation coming from the inside of the PCV - the rest being due to various contamination of the area. They plan to clean and shield the area as best as they can before starting investigation work.

Page 5 shows a very interesting photo: something melted and leaked through the bolted flange/lid that covers the X-6 penetration pipe. Some of the matter is still hanging down from the lid, some of it has fallen on the floor. They speculate that the matter is composed of rubber-like material from the O-ring that seals that lid as well as from the cables located inside the pipe, as well as, maybe, other stuff.
 
  • #709
I'm very glad to hear that it worked.
Some people were skeptical but it worked.
One worry less.
 
  • #710
http://www.tepco.co.jp/nu/fukushima-np/handouts/2015/images/handouts_150701_05-j.pdf
(in Japanese)
Tepco report regarding the removal of spent fuel from the SFP of Unit 3

Page 2 – concept of the cover to be installed over the Reactor 3 building in order to remove the spent fuel from the SFP
Page 3 – overall view of the planned setting of the installations for spent fuel removal
Page 4 – tentative schedule. Red line is today. The cover should be in place at the end of 2017 and then the removal of the 566 bundles of fuel from the SFP should begin.
Page 5 – images showing the process of cover construction
Page 6 – radiation dose rates on the operating floor of Unit 3 (in fact, at floor + 5m height) at present are around 220 mSv/h in the area of the shield plug
Page 7 – radiation doses at operating floor + 50cm height.
Page 8 – expected radiation doses when the decontamination of the area is over – at operating floor + 50cm height.
Page 9 – explanations on the measures for decontamination and reduction of the radiation dose prior to actually starting the assembling work for the building cover and in the early stages of the assembly operations. Setting shielded “waiting areas” for workers to be protected from radiation when not actually involved in work.
Page 10 – images with the building cover during trial assembly.
Page 11 – they explain how they arrived at those expected values of radiation “after the decontamination is over”
Page 12 – measures for protection of the workers from radiation during the installation of the bridge for the transportation of the fuel bundles. The actual installation is to be done in one day, using 4 teams of 15 workers each, each team working for 1 hour and making use of various methods for shielding the workers, as seen in Page 13 too. Steel plates of 150mm thickness will reduce the radiation dose to 1/100 of whatever is around. Thinner plates (50mm thick) offering shielding to 1/3 of the ambient radiation dose will be used in cages and covers that can be moved and placed around by crane.
Page 14 contents some final remarks on further decontamination to be done, followed by radiation measurements and evaluation and then by the finalizing of the work plan and schedule for cover installation.
Pages 15~ are additional materials used in the preparation of the report.
Page 27: photo of the operating floor taken on Dec 8, 2014.
 
  • #711
Sotan said:
http://www.tepco.co.jp/nu/fukushima-np/handouts/2015/images/handouts_150701_05-j.pdf
(in Japanese)
Tepco report regarding the removal of spent fuel from the SFP of Unit 3

Seems that a very large amount of serious preparation is under way. Japan is working the problem diligently.
Still, the image of the cleared top of reactor 3 was sobering, especially when combined with the radiation map.
This has a long ways to go.
 
  • #712
I found this link on another related site:
http://www.jaif.or.jp/en/toshiba-and-irid-develop-small-robot-to-investigate-fukushima-daiichi-2-pcv-interior/

There is a video with the new robot working on a mock-up, quite interesting.
 
  • #713
etudiant said:
Seems that a very large amount of serious preparation is under way. Japan is working the problem diligently.

Yes, looks promising. Top of SFP is almost completely free of debris.

Still, the image of the cleared top of reactor 3 was sobering, especially when combined with the radiation map.
This has a long ways to go.

220 mSv/h is not high.
Remember the base of vent stack which has ~10000mSv/h...
 
  • #714
nikkkom said:
Yes, looks promising. Top of SFP is almost completely free of debris.
220 mSv/h is not high.
Remember the base of vent stack which has ~10000mSv/h...

There are much hotter spots indeed, but 220 mSv/hr is 4x the annual permitted dose for US radiation workers, so still too hot to allow longer term use of work teams.
 
  • #715
nikkkom said:
220 mSv/h is not high.

comparatively it's not, as noted. ~ 22 R /hr? Our stay time would be under ten minutes , you'd get three months' worth of exposure in that time.
 
  • #716
jim hardy said:
comparatively it's not, as noted. ~ 22 R /hr? Our stay time would be under ten minutes , you'd get three months' worth of exposure in that time.

Yeah, that's a stupid high dose. Keep deconning.
 
  • #717
Unit 1 cover is being dismantled:
http://mainichi.jp/english/english/newsselect/news/20150728p2g00m0dm069000c.html

Fisheries agree for purified subdrain water to be released to the sea:
http://mainichi.jp/english/english/newsselect/news/20150728p2a00m0na016000c.html
 
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  • #718
Has TEPCO sent the scorpion robot down the CRD cattle chute yet? I was really looking forward to that footage.
 
  • #720
http://www3.nhk.or.jp/news/genpatsu-fukushima/20150731/0440_robot.html
(Article in Japanese on the NHK site)

The investigation of the interior of the PCV of Reactor 2 at Fukushima Daiichi plant, which was tentatively scheduled for sometime next month, might be postponed towards December or even later in the worst case scenario, due to difficulties in planning the operation.

Tepco says the radiation level in the area of the PCV penetration pipe that is to serve for robot access - where they have been removing those concrete blocks - is high and using remote-controlled machines they haven't yet been able to remove all the blocks which appear stuck. They are trying to loosen them using chemical substances but at the same time they are considering whether it will be required to design stronger remote-controlled equipment. If it turns out that this is absolutely required, the investigation may be pushed towards December or even later. Even if they succeed to remove the stuck concrete blocks, the decontamination will still take some time, so August seems to be no longer a possibility for sending the robot in.

------------
http://www3.nhk.or.jp/news/genpatsu-fukushima/20150730/2123_trench.html
(Article in Japanese on the NHK site)

Tepco announces that on July 30th all the highly contaminated water from the trenches at Fukushima Daiichi has been removed and they are now filling the last portions of the pits and trenches with concrete (to be done in ~10 days or so). Thus one of the highest risks of contamination of the ocean has finally been averted.

-------------
http://www3.nhk.or.jp/news/genpatsu-fukushima/20150730/0402_gareki.html
(Article in Japanese on the NHK site)

The lifting of the collapsed FHM wreckage from the SFP of Unit 3 (mentioned by LabratSR above) is scheduled for August 2.
 
  • #721
Sotan said:
The lifting of the collapsed FHM wreckage from the SFP of Unit 3 (mentioned by LabratSR above) is scheduled for August 2.

Wow, that is a major event.
I'm impressed that the access to Unit 3 is good enough to allow a 20 ton piece to be extracted from a very tricky and potentially hugely hazardous position.
Frankly, none of the spindly crane structures that dot the site seem adequate to me to control this kind of a bulky and unbalanced load within the centimeter accuracy that is required. I just hope it does not worsen the problem.
If however this can be managed, it would certainly make the Unit 3 cleanup timeline more credible.
 
  • #724
turi said:

Thank you, Sotan and Turi, for posting this. Kudos to the workers who pulled this off and the engineers who planned out the operation.
It is a substantial step forward, as this piece was preventing the cleanup from moving ahead.
Japan is gradually chipping away at this problem with innovation, smarts and money. It is impressive.
 
  • #725
hoping for photographs... ! Been following since "that awful day"

Saw a very good Nova a few nights ago about it.
In fact they had two whole nights dedicated to Uranium - check PBS website
 
  • #726
Jim,
Thank you for the heads up on the Nova program.

Meanwhile, there are pictures and a video here: http://www.fukuleaks.org/web/?p=14930
 
  • #730
etudiant said:
Thank you, Sotan and Turi, for posting this...

turi said:
More pictures and video:...

Yes, thank you for posting this. The weather looks awful in that video.
 
  • #731
http://www.tepco.co.jp/nu/fukushima-np/handouts/2015/images/handouts_150804_05-j.pdf
2-page Tepco report in Japanese with results of a quick video inspection of SFP of Unit 3 after removing the FHM.
They found that 4 fuel bundles that had been right under the FHM have had their handles deformed to some extent.
(there's a photo of those handles in the report.)

Apart from that, radiation monitoring before, during and after FHM removal indicated that, at least, the FHM removal operation did not cause any extra damage to the fuel bundles stored in the SFP and no additional release of radioactive materials in the environment.
 
  • #732
Sotan said:
http://www.tepco.co.jp/nu/fukushima-np/handouts/2015/images/handouts_150804_05-j.pdf
2-page Tepco report in Japanese with results of a quick video inspection of SFP of Unit 3 after removing the FHM.
They found that 4 fuel bundles that had been right under the FHM have had their handles deformed to some extent.
(there's a photo of those handles in the report.)

Apart from that, radiation monitoring before, during and after FHM removal indicated that, at least, the FHM removal operation did not cause any extra damage to the fuel bundles stored in the SFP and no additional release of radioactive materials in the environment.
More pictures: http://photo.tepco.co.jp/en/date/2015/201508-e/150804-01e.html
There's quite a bit of rubble to be removed.
 
  • #733
turi said:
...not available in your region... I could try a VPN solution, I'll see. Thanks anyway.

Works for me using the free version of Cyberghost and a USA VPN.
 
  • #734
The bail handles on GE fuel are really robust. I'm concerned there may be some fuel element deformation in those bundles. Depending on he bundle, there are 4 - 8 tie rods that are used simply to hold the bundle together, and are what structurally support the bail handle, and transfer lifting force from the bail handle to the lower tie plate. If the load bent the handle, there's a decent chance of cracking the fuel elements in the bundle or at a minimum deforming them.
 
  • #735
That may help explain why TEPCO has such an elaborate structure planned for lifting out the fuel assemblies.
Barring damage, it is hard to see why 4+ year old spent fuel assemblies could not be hoisted out as is individually. There is no one within a couple of hundred feet of the SFP, so an intact fuel assembly would be no hazard.
 
  • #736
http://ajw.asahi.com/article/0311disaster/fukushima/AJ201508100012
Kyushu Electric announces Sendai nuclear plant reactor restart set for Aug. 11

Maybe not directly related to Fukushima... but then of course it is, in many ways.
Thought I mention it anyway.

"Japan has gone a year and 11 months with no nuclear power plants in operation [...]".
I don't know why but I thought it has been much longer.
 
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  • #737
Sotan said:
http://ajw.asahi.com/article/0311disaster/fukushima/AJ201508100012
Kyushu Electric announces Sendai nuclear plant reactor restart set for Aug. 11

Maybe not directly related to Fukushima... but then of course it is, in many ways.
Thought I mention it anyway.

"Japan has gone a year and 11 months with no nuclear power plants in operation [...]".
I don't know why but I thought it has been much longer.

I think one or two units were allowed to operate through their next fuel cycle. But all plants except one that tripped off after the earthquake weren't allowed to restart.
 
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  • #739
Thanks, Turi.

Please note that only the leafy wood-based version is priced with 60 EUR. The PDFs of chapters and annexes can be downloaded for free (and in additional languages too). Seems worthwhile.

Happy downloading...
 
  • #741
http://www.tepco.co.jp/nu/fukushima-np/handouts/2015/images/handouts_150909_12-j.pdf
Tepco report in Japanese regarding the results of a camera investigation in relation to the hatch of PCV of Unit 3

I do not recall but apparently in 2011 they discovered radioactive water in the vicinity of this hatch - more exactly, on the rails that serve to move the "shield plug" - and therefore assumed there might be a leak there, with water from the dry well seeping up from the hatch.

Now they managed to insert a small camera through the space around the shield plug. Several photos are shown. The floor seems wet and there is stuff such as flakes of paint scattered on it, and there is still water in the rails of the shield plug, but they found no leak from the hatch and the hatch itself seems intact. They saw droplets of water falling down from above - they assume it's rainwater or condensation water.

This investigation required the work of 5 men, with a planned exposure of 2.2 mSv per person. Highest recorded exposure was 0.99 mSv, total exposure for the team was 3.62 mSv.

Page 5-6 show that in October they plan to make additional observations in the area (after mockup training) by sending in a small robot that carries a... mobile phone, if I understand correctly, with camera and lighting. The robot will be steered by remote control by operators sitting outside of the "double door" of the reactor building (to help reduce their exposure). The camera will be tilted slightly downwards so as to be able to see the floor and thus help with robot steering.

(I am not very confident about the above report as I don't really understand what's in the area and why this is important. Maybe they are just thoroughly checking the leak hypothesis?)
 
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  • #744
URob said:
Not sure if there is dedicated scaremongering forum so I'll leave this here.

http://www.counterpunch.org/2015/09/30/the-worlds-never-seen-anything-like-this/

That's nothing more then FUD and propaganda disguised as a poorly written article.

Where is the fuel? If it's not in the bottom of the reactor vessel its under it. It's not on Mars, its not on the west coast of the United states. Giant mutant fish and flowers didn't eat it. Do we need to take anyone seriously that uses the term "Mother Earth?" in a faux technical article? Where does the author think the fuel came from originally?

Once again we see these propagandizers pushing the proven to be false linear no-threshold theory. We only need to find one example of a theory failing to know its invalid. There are plenty of examples of people with high radiation exposure that never develop cancer or related diseases. Many of these people are atomic bomb survivors, scientists, etc. Take a look at several of the atomic bomb test camera men that where close to HUNDREDS of test detonations. A few in their late 80s are still alive today. Cancer free. Most of the cameramen met or exceeded the average life expectancy for men.

The large non-linearity of cancer rates vs. exposure (at the bottom end) blows that theory out of the water. Linear means Linear . The vary name of the theory fails itself; like most of that article.
 
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  • #746
http://www.tepco.co.jp/decommision/planaction/roadmap/index-j.html
There’s an update on Tepco’s site regarding the medium-long term roadmap for decommissioning, dated October 1st.

One PDF files posted there has information on several investigations on the damaged reactors:
http://www.tepco.co.jp/nu/fukushima-np/roadmap/images/d151001_08-j.pdf

Starting on page 1 (I’m using the page numbers as they are in the PDF file, not what the browser or Adobe Reader displays) there’s info on the investigation of “TIP room”, main steam valves room and “airlock room” of Reactor 1.

Page 2: General info
- because in the area of the entrance of TIP room and main steam valves room the radiation level is high, access will be made by opening a hole in the corridor of the turbine building (where the radiation level is low).
- the SHC room is yet to be investigated too, but radiation is high in this case even in the corridor of the turbine building. Therefore they will study the possibility of accessing the SHC room from the main steam valves room.
- there’s a drawing with the first floor of reactor 1 and the radiation values. The turbine building is at the right side (the gray band is the corridor). SHC and TIP rooms are adjacent to that corridor. Airlock room is on the other side of the PCV. Sorry but at the moment I don’t know the meaning of TIP and SFC.

Page 3: Purpose of the investigation (1)

- TIP room:
- reduction of the radiation level around X-6 penetration (study of the possibility of accessing the AC pipes). X-6 penetration offers a way inside the PCV, but radiation levels in the area must be decreased. For this reason the decontamination of the highly radioactive AC pipes (ducts?) is necessary.
This requires setting an installation for removing radioactive contamination on one side of the AC ducts, at first floor – which means right near the TIP room. The investigation should indicate if access is possible from the TIP room to the highly radioactive AC ducts (they measured more than 1000 mSv/h);
- stopping the water leak of the lower PCV: study of the possibility of sealing the leak in the “vacuum destruction line”, leak discovered right below the TIP room;
- repairs of some electrical connections/cables in the PCV penetrations (these require human operators, so again a reduction in radioactivity of the area is strictly required);
- studying the possibility of accessing the SHC room and the main steam valves room.

Page 4: Purpose of the investigation (2)

- Main steam valves room:
- study of the possibility of repairs in the PCV; study of the access to PCV penetrations. Welding and filling are the the two methods envisaged for “repairing” some of these penetrations; if human access will be deemed impossible, filling will be the only method left.

- Airlock room:
- examination of the area around the X-53 penetration, especially of the traces/leaks of highly radioactive water observed on the floor of the Airlock room, leading to the funnel on the floor; also study the possibility of doing some repairs in the area of the penetration if needed.

Page 5: Drawing of the areas targeted for investigation

Page 6: The devices to be used. A visible light camera on wheels, a 3D scanner, a gamma camera and a radiation level detector.

Page 7: Schedule.
Seems that the TIP room and main steam valve room investigation is actually on the way.
The decontamination of the various rooms should begin during 2016.
Repairs to the PCV – probably to start in 2018.

Pag. 8: Additional info
The aimed radiation level, after decontamination, is 3 mSv/h for the working areas and 5 mSv/h for access routes. The main sources of radiation are the inside surfaces of the AC and DHC pipes/ducts, but also walls, floors and machinery surfaces. Shielding of some surfaces – insufficiently decontaminated – might also be required in the end.
The gamma camera images in the right suggest 300-500 mSv/h for DHC pipes and 1000-1200 mSv/h for AC ducts.

Pag 9: Additional info on the decontamination plans for the AC ducts

Pag 10: Additional info on the decontamination plans for the DHC pipes
- It is known that the DHC pipes and the adjacent RCW pipes are all highly contaminated. The first step would be emptying the pipes through the existing valves; removing the contaminated water should decrease the radiation level. Washing/rinsing/drying the pipes could help too (the main contaminant, Cs, is soluble in water). The removal of water should be done through the existing structures: drainage pipes -> gathering funnel -> floor funnel -> reactor building torus room sump pit) if it is deemed usable. Complete removal of the DHC pipes will be considered in the end.(…the document continues with the progress of investigations on R2 and R3. Will have to post later about those, ran out of time for now.)
 
  • #747
http://www.tepco.co.jp/nu/fukushima-np/roadmap/images/d151001_08-j.pdf
(continuation.)

Because the page numbers are reset for each section, this time I must refer to the page numbers as shown in the browser or in Adobe Reader (the PDF file page numbers in parantheses)

Page 14 (1): The “A-2 investigation“ – the inside of the pedestal and platform of Reactor 2. Update on the removal of the concrete blocks in front of X-6 penetration.

Page 15 (2):
- The removal of the concrete blocks started on June 11 – as preparation for the A-2 investigation inside Reactor 2, scheduled for August. By June 26 128 of the 136 concrete blocks had been removed. The remaining 7 blocks were found stuck in a way that resisted all efforts and required further planning. The operation was suspended on July 8 and resumed on September 28.

Page 16 (3): general drawing to show the concrete block removal operation. A grasping device is used to loosen and remove the metal plate located beyond the concrete blocks. After that the device hopefully can grasp the concrete blocks themselves. There’s 4-6 mSv/h behind the first shielding and another shield protects the operator.

Page 17 (4):
Sep 28: The metal plate was loosened. However the grasping device slips on the metal, preventing the lifting of the plate.
Sep 29: Rubber is added to the grasping device in order to prevent the slipping, but the grip is still insufficient unsuccessfully. Some WD40-like liquid has also been sprayed for a while on the stuck surfaces seams, helping to dissolve rust and loosen the connections.

Page 18 (5):
Some “clamps” have been added to the grasping device. This time the grip was good enough and the metal plate could be removed from behind the concrete blocks. The photo on the right shows the view towards the X-6 penetration lid after the removal of the metal plate.

Page 19 (6):
The concrete blocks were finally removed. Photos shown are “before” and “after”.

Page 20 (7): Schedule
The actual investigation will be done after the decontamination of the area to reduce the radiation levels. Therefore the date is not yet clear.- And the third report:

Page 21: Results of the video camera investigation of the “machinery hatch” in the PCV of Unit 3
(not sure about the “machinery hatch” translation)

Page 22 (1) Purpose of the investigation:
- regarding the Unit 3 PCV machinery hatch (reactor building, 1st floor, North side)
In 2011 highly radioactive water has been found in the area of the rails for moving the shield plug, suggesting the possibility of a leak through the seal of the machinery hatch. Therefore the plan is to insert a camera through the openings available around the shield plug and check the surroundings.

Page 23 (2) General drawing
A camera is attached on a 2.1m aluminum stick. The images taken by the camera are visible on a portable screen held by the operator and at the same time recorder on a microSD card. The drawing at the right shows the shield plug pulled back a little, creating those spaces through which the camera will be inserted.

Pag. 24 (3) Results
- paint is gone/fallen from the machinery hatch
- the paper (pad?) for recording periodical checks is still there
- no water leak is seen and the machinery hatch seems intact.

Pag. 25 (4) Results
- chips of paint are gathered on the floor
- small amounts of water are visible in the rails used for moving the shield plug

Pag. 26 (5) conclusions
- no leak from the PCV machinery hatch
- no changes in the shape of the PCV machinery hatch
- the inside surfaces of the shield plug appeared humid and there was water in the rails used for moving the shield plug
- rain water or condensation water seemed to seep in from the top regions of the shield plug
- chips of paint were gathered on the floor.

Page 27 (6) Additional investigation will be carried out using a small remote controlled robot to check the several places that couldn’t be seen in this investigation.

Page 28 (7) Schedule
A mockup training will be carried in the corresponding region of Unit 5 reactor, and the robot investigation will probably take place sometime in November.

Page 29 (8) The robot to be used
(Now I realize I’ve seen and reported about this before)
Small radio-controlled robot carrying a smartphone to be used as a camera.

Page 30 (9)
A drawing of the various penetrations into the PCV. Horizontal lines indicate their nominal elevations in the PCV. For now a water leak has been confirmed in the area designated as D (in the connecting bellows of some pipe). X-1A is the machinery hatch investigated this time.

(end)
 
  • #748
TIP = Traversing Incore Probe.

TIP is a set of neutron fission chambers which are inserted into the core roughly once every month or two and are slowly withdrawn to measure the flux in the core and generate a 3D flux profile. There are 4-6 TIP drive units at a typical BWR. Each probe can go to about 5-6 different locations in the core. For a max of 36 locations. The TIP probes spend very little time in the core and have very low uranium depletion, meaning their voltage/current characteristics don't really change, making them very useful for calibrating the LPRMs (local power range monitors) in the core to compensate for detector burnup. The process computer records TIP data during the run, and sends that to the core monitoring computer which then calculates new gain adjustment values so that the LPRM readings are accurate and the flux shape and core monitoring model agree with each other.

The TIP system penetration is a known potential containment leak path. To protect the penetration and ensure it can be sealed even if the probe cable is in the core, the TIP system uses explosive squib valves for forcibly isolating the TIP penetration. This likely did not happen at Fukushima due to the loss of power meaning this is a possible containment release path and is part of why the TIP area might be worth investigating.

SHC is shutdown cooling. The BWR/2 plants and early BWR/3 plants have a separate dedicated shutdown cooling system. I'm not as familiar with this system, but if you could get into SHC piping you'd have a direct path into the containment and reactor vessel.

The machine hatch (also called the equipment hatch) is the large hatch used for moving equipment in and out of containment. For many BWRs the hatch seals are one of the first components to fail during high pressure events, especially if containment is flooded, making it a good thing to investigate for potential PCV leakage. The equipment hatch is one of two containment access hatches, there is also a personnel airlock which is used when you need to enter containment but primary containment integrity is still required (typically between 200 degrees and 5% power)

Hope this helps
 
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  • #749
Sotan said:
They completed the removal of the roof panels of Reactor 1 building.
I'm curious about any method for handling water accumulation / runoff with the roof panels removed.
 
  • #750
Thank you Hiddencamper.
A wealth of information, as always - and much needed in the context of my messy translations.
 

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