Can someone point me on good book on thermodynamics. Particular area of interest is Clausius inequality and Second law (with good explanations of physical meaning, proofs ...)?
why don't you go for zemansky?? it's a bit boring with too many details but the theory is quite detailed... if you want a more preciese discussion, go for fermi...
To solve this, I first used the units to work out that a= m* a/m, i.e. t=z/λ. This would allow you to determine the time duration within an interval section by section and then add this to the previous ones to obtain the age of the respective layer. However, this would require a constant thickness per year for each interval. However, since this is most likely not the case, my next consideration was that the age must be the integral of a 1/λ(z) function, which I cannot model.