Newton's Law of Gravitation ratio

[brendan3eb]

Homework Statement

A mass M is split into two parts, m and M - m, which are then separated by a certain distance. What ratio m/M maximizes the magnitude of the gravitational force between the parts?

Homework Equations

F=Gm1m2/d^2

The Attempt at a Solution

I first just tried plugging in M - m and m in for m1 and m2 to see what I get.

F=(GMm-Gm)/d^2

I believe that I will have to take a derivative to find the maximum, but I am confused as to what I should take the derivative with respect to.

 

[fliinghier]

you should not need a derivative. look at extreme cases. if the ratio of M/m was 1000, what would the force be like? what if the ratio was smaller, say 2?

 

[brendan3eb]

That is true, but I need to prove that is 1/2. The only way I can think of doing that is with a derivative. Although I do see the logic in what you are saying about taking the extreme cases.

 

[fliinghier]

try assigning integers to the variables M and d, since they do not change based upon different m values. also, recheck the GMm-Gm part of the equation. I got something else for if i plugged in the values like you did.

 

[Bill Foster]

Starting with the regular equation for the force of gravity:

F=G\frac{m_0m_1}{d^2}

Let m_0=M-m and m_1=m

Substitute into the first equation:

F=G\frac{(M-m)m}{d^2}=G\frac{Mm-m^2}{d^2}

To maximize F, Mm-m^2 has to be maximized.

Take its derivative with respect to m and set it to zero:

M-2m=0

Rearrange:

M=2m

Rearrange:

\frac{1}{2}=\frac{m}{M}