Coherent detection involves phase-locking an oscillator to the carrier of a received signal, allowing for the detection of modulated information while retaining the absolute phase. In contrast, non-coherent detection does not track the carrier's phase, as seen in envelope detectors for AM signals. Phase shift and phase rotation are effectively the same, with a 2π radian rotation equating to a full 360° rotation, resulting in no net effect. Understanding these concepts is essential for grasping the functionality of Phase-Locked Loops (PLLs). Further reading on these topics is encouraged for a deeper comprehension.