Planets Forming Inside vs. Outside the Ice Line

In summary, the location of rocky and gas planets in relation to their star is not determined by their formation process, but rather can be influenced by migration. While it was previously believed that rocky planets would form closer to the star due to heavier materials, the discovery of exoplanets has shown that migration can play a significant role in their placement.
  • #1
KevinMWHM
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Is it common for rocky planets to form closer to a star and gas planets further?

Why or why not is this?
 
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  • #2
KevinMWHM said:
Is it common for rocky planets to form closer to a star and gas planets further?

Why or why not is this?

Well I don't know how many terrestrial planets have been found around other stars... as far as I know there haven't been any. Reason being is that they are too close to the star and fairly small to be directly observed.

The reason they form closer to the star is simply because they are made out of heavier materials
 
  • #3
KevinMWHM said:
Is it common for rocky planets to form closer to a star and gas planets further?

Why or why not is this?

Before the discovery of "Hot Jupiters", "Hot Neptunes" and "Super-Earths" people expected the rocky planets to form inside the "Ice Line" and gaseous/icy planets to form outside of it. The "Ice Line" is the distance around the proto-star at which ice can condense from gaseous into solid form, and it means a lot more material - commonly called "ices" - becomes trapped by the proto-planets and thus they form heavier than the rocky planets.

Since then we've learned that kinds of planets can form in one place then migrate inwards or outwards from the proto-star. Many of the known exoplanets seem to have migrated from beyond the Ice Line.
 

1. What is the process of planet formation?

The process of planet formation begins with a large cloud of gas and dust, called a protoplanetary disk, surrounding a young star. Over time, gravity causes the particles in the disk to clump together, forming larger and larger objects. Eventually, these objects become large enough to attract more material and form planets.

2. How long does it take for planets to form?

The exact timeline for planet formation varies depending on the size and location of the protoplanetary disk. However, it is estimated that the process can take anywhere from a few million to a few hundred million years.

3. What are the main factors that influence planet formation?

The main factors that influence planet formation include the size and composition of the protoplanetary disk, the distance from the star, and the age of the star. The type of star and any nearby objects, such as other planets or debris, can also play a role.

4. How do scientists study planet formation?

Scientists study planet formation through a combination of theoretical models and observations. They use telescopes to observe protoplanetary disks and study the chemical composition of the material in these disks. They also conduct experiments in labs to simulate the conditions of planet formation.

5. Are all planets formed in the same way?

No, not all planets are formed in the same way. The process of planet formation can vary depending on the specific conditions of each protoplanetary disk. For example, some planets may form through a process called core accretion, while others may form through gravitational instability. Additionally, factors such as the type of star and the presence of other objects can also impact the formation of a planet.

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