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kent davidge
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Why ##d^2 x^\alpha / d\tau^2## is not considered a good expression for the proper acceleration (of a massive particle whose proper time is ##\tau## and coordinates are ##x^\alpha##)?
kent davidge said:Why ##d^2 x^\alpha / d\tau^2## is not considered a good expression for the proper acceleration
SiennaTheGr8 said:The term proper acceleration refers to the three-acceleration as measured in the traveler's instantaneous rest frame.
kent davidge said:Why ##d^2 x^\alpha / d\tau^2## is not considered a good expression for the proper acceleration (of a massive particle whose proper time is ##\tau## and coordinates are ##x^\alpha##)?
SiennaTheGr8 said:In the traveler's instantaneous rest frame, the time component of the four-acceleration vanishes and the three-vector spatial component is just the proper acceleration
I think that it is worth explicitly pointing out that, as shown in #5, this is only true in standard coordinates on Minkowski space. The generalised expression for the 4-acceleration is ##A=\nabla_V V##, with ##V## being the 4-velocity.SiennaTheGr8 said:The quantity you've given is the four-acceleration.
kent davidge said:@SiennaTheGr8 , looking on @stevendaryl 's post, I think maybe you mean that the proper acceleration equals my expression in the OP in a locally inertial frame?
kent davidge said:Why ##d^2 x^\alpha / d\tau^2## is not considered a good expression for the proper acceleration (of a massive particle whose proper time is ##\tau## and coordinates are ##x^\alpha##)?
SiennaTheGr8 said:But in the rest frame it's also the case that ... ##\hat v = \hat a##
Proper acceleration is the acceleration experienced by an object in its own frame of reference. It takes into account the effects of both time dilation and length contraction. This is different from coordinate acceleration, which is the acceleration measured by an outside observer.
The expression d^2x^α/dτ^2, also known as the four-acceleration, is used to measure proper acceleration because it takes into account both the spatial and temporal components of acceleration in a curved spacetime. It is a more accurate measure of acceleration in relativity than the traditional three-dimensional acceleration used in Newtonian mechanics.
When we say that d^2x^α/dτ^2 is not ideal, we mean that it is not a constant value. In a flat spacetime, the four-acceleration would be constant for an object moving at a constant velocity. However, in a curved spacetime, the four-acceleration will vary as the object moves through different gravitational fields.
Proper acceleration affects the motion of objects by causing them to follow curved paths in spacetime. In a flat spacetime, objects would follow straight lines at a constant velocity. However, in a curved spacetime, the four-acceleration will cause objects to deviate from these straight paths, resulting in curved motion.
Understanding proper acceleration is crucial for accurately predicting the motion of objects in space, especially in the presence of strong gravitational fields. It is also important for understanding the effects of relativity in fields such as astrophysics and cosmology. Proper acceleration is also relevant in fields such as aerospace engineering and navigation, where precise calculations of acceleration are necessary for the successful operation of spacecraft and satellites.