Solving for Velocity of a Falling Skydiver: m(dv/dt)=mg-kv2

  • Thread starter Jamin2112
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In summary, the velocity v(t) of a skydiver falling to the ground can be solved using the equation m(dv/dt)=mg-kv2, with the initial condition v(0). By dividing m throughout, we can obtain the form dv/dt = g - (k/m)v2. By factoring out k/m, we can then separate the equation and use integration to solve for v(t). However, the solution may seem complicated due to the trigonometric functions involved. It is important to remember that identities can be used to simplify these functions and make the solution more manageable.
  • #1
Jamin2112
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Homework Statement



The velocity v(t) of a skydiver falling to the ground is governed by

m(dv/dt)=mg-kv2,

where m is the skydiver's mass, g is the acceleration due to gravity, k > 0 is the drag coefficient, and v(t)≥0.

(a) Solve this equation for v(t) with the initial condition v(0).

Homework Equations





The Attempt at a Solution



Divide m throughout

==> dv/dt = g - (k/m)v2

Factor out a k/m

dv/dt = k/m (mg/k - v2)

Separate

dv / (mg/k - v2) = (k/m)dt

Now I have it in the form ∫ dx/(a2-x2) = (1/2a)ln[(a+x)/(a-x)], with a = √(mg/k) and x=v, obviously.

==> [1/√(mg/k)] ln[ (√(mg/k) + v) / (√(mg/k) - v)] = (k/m)t + C

..... and this all seems far too complicated.

Suggestions, please.
 
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  • #2
I think you have to realize that as you get into upper division stuff such as this the answers to problems are going to get messier. you are right that the +v -v thing is intimidating, but that doesn't mean its wrong. Also, why didn't you try and solve it for v? The right answer could have popped out. I remember doing this differently so ill just go through that method. I looked up the integral and found this:[tex] \int \frac{dx}{a^2 - x^2} = \frac{1}{a}ArcTanh(\frac{x}{a}) + C [/tex]

This is the same thing that you got but of a different form because

[tex] ArcTanh(x) = \frac{1}{2}ln(\frac{1+x}{1-x}) [/tex]

But now we have a scary looking ArcTanh part. When you see the Arc part remember that we could just take Tanh of it to get whatever is inside the function:[tex] Tanh(ArcTanh(x)) = x [/tex]

in physics whenever you see scary trigonometric(or hyperbolic in this case) that you want to get rid of, look for identities to get it in terms of better functions.

look at this page for some help for the rest of the way.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hyperbolic_function
 

1. How do you calculate the velocity of a falling skydiver?

To calculate the velocity of a falling skydiver, we use the formula m(dv/dt)=mg-kv2. This equation takes into account the mass of the skydiver (m), the acceleration due to gravity (g), and the air resistance (k) to determine the velocity (v) at any given time (t).

2. What is the significance of the term "m(dv/dt)" in the equation?

The term "m(dv/dt)" represents the rate of change of the skydiver's velocity with respect to time. In other words, it is the skydiver's acceleration, which is affected by both gravity and air resistance.

3. How does air resistance affect the velocity of a falling skydiver?

Air resistance, represented by the term "kv2" in the equation, acts in the opposite direction of the skydiver's motion and decreases their velocity. As the skydiver gains speed, the air resistance increases, eventually balancing out the force of gravity and causing the skydiver to reach a constant velocity known as terminal velocity.

4. What are the units for each term in the equation?

The units for the mass (m) are typically kilograms (kg), while the acceleration due to gravity (g) is measured in meters per second squared (m/s2). The air resistance term (kv2) has units of Newtons per meter (N/m). Overall, the units for velocity (v) will be meters per second (m/s).

5. How can this equation be applied to real-life situations?

This equation can be used to determine the velocity of a skydiver at any point during their fall, taking into account factors such as their weight, air resistance, and the altitude at which they begin their jump. It can also be used to compare and analyze different skydiving equipment and techniques to optimize safety and performance.

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