Mark Anderson said:
There's a scale residue left that I use sandpaper to remove.but sanding it also damages the steel. I've tried alcohol and degreasers with no luck.
That won't work if it is what it could be.
Sodium aluminate should have dissolved in alcohol, so it can't be that.
You mean something like this perhaps.
http://www2.uni-siegen.de/~pci/versuche/english/v44-10.html
If so, aluminium oxide is fairly unreactive. In fact, it can be found on sandpaper since it is hard ( next to diamond I believe ).
You might try sanding with a very fine grit in the presence of sodium hydroxide solution, and see if some of the stuff will go back into solution.
Try a DILUTE solution, and a small section, since you don't want to be splashing the stuff around onto your clothes, skin and eyes.
I suppose previously, you just let the metal sit in an hydroxide solution to dissolve the Al.
Some of the Al went into the small microscopic indentations of the Fe during the original joining, and is now oxide.
Not 100% sure though if that is what you have there.