The discussion centers on the application of conservation laws in special relativity, specifically regarding energy and momentum. It highlights the importance of distinguishing between the vertical and horizontal components of velocity and momentum, as they are vectors with different directions. The gamma factors before and after particle decay are noted to be unequal, necessitating separate momentum balances in both x and y directions, along with time components. The final particles' combined mass is less than that of the original particle, which affects the time component balance. Overall, the conservation of momentum must be maintained in both directions, with the total momentum in the y-direction being zero initially.