Spectral lines and absorption lines

Click For Summary

Discussion Overview

The discussion revolves around the transparency of the atmosphere and the relationship between absorption lines and the spectral signatures of atmospheric gases, particularly oxygen and nitrogen. Participants explore the implications of these concepts in the context of visible light and other parts of the electromagnetic spectrum.

Discussion Character

  • Exploratory, Technical explanation, Debate/contested

Main Points Raised

  • One participant notes a conflict between the claim that atmospheric gases like oxygen do not have absorption lines in the visible spectrum and the information from a source indicating that oxygen has many visible lines in its spectral signature.
  • Another participant points out that the majority of the atmosphere is composed of nitrogen, and that nitrogen and oxygen exist as diatomic molecules (O2 and N2), which may have different spectral lines than their constituent atoms.
  • A participant expresses uncertainty regarding the presence of absorption lines for N2 and O2 in the visible spectrum, referencing a Wikipedia article that shows many spectral lines for air in visible light.
  • One participant explains that while absorption and emission lines differ in intensity, the atmosphere does not have strong first-order absorption lines in the visible range, but does have weak ones, primarily from oxygen and water molecules.
  • A later reply questions whether air has strong absorption lines in the electromagnetic spectrum outside of visible light.

Areas of Agreement / Disagreement

Participants express uncertainty and confusion regarding the relationship between absorption lines and the transparency of the atmosphere. Multiple competing views remain about the presence and significance of these lines in both the visible spectrum and other parts of the electromagnetic spectrum.

Contextual Notes

There are limitations regarding the definitions of absorption lines and the conditions under which they are observed, as well as the distinction between atomic and molecular spectral lines.

stfaivus
Messages
21
Reaction score
3
On PF, to answer why atmosphere is transparent, users explained that atmospheric gases such as oxygen do not have absorption lines in the visible spectrum. On UColorado website, under Spectral Lines, they show that Oxygen has many visible lines in its spectral signature. This confuses me, because I thought absorption lines and an atom's spectral signature lines are the same frequencies, so the information seems to be conflicting.
 
Science news on Phys.org
Note that most of the atmosphere is Nitrogen, not Oxygen. Also note that the Nitrogen and Oxygen in the atmosphere are not lone atoms, but diatomic molecules (O2 and N2). Molecule's lines are not the same as its constituent atom's lines. I know this doesn't answer your question, but I would see if you can find O2 and N2's lines.
 
If the gases in air, mainly N2 and O2, did not have absorption lines in the visible spectrum, this would solve my question. However on http://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spectral_line
Spectral lines for air is shown to have many lines in visible light, so I am still not sure...
 
Absorption and emission lines are of different intensity. The molecules of the atmosphere do not have first-order absorption lines in the visible range, but do have weak ones, mainly the qxygen and water molecules. So a layer of air even about one metre thick is transparent but the sunlight is a bit absorbed at certain frequencies/wavelength when traversing the whole atmosphere.

ehild
 
Last edited:
does this means that air has strong absorption lines in the electromagnetic spectrum outside of the visible light?
 

Similar threads

  • · Replies 19 ·
Replies
19
Views
18K
  • · Replies 4 ·
Replies
4
Views
2K
  • · Replies 17 ·
Replies
17
Views
8K
Replies
2
Views
3K
  • · Replies 7 ·
Replies
7
Views
1K
  • · Replies 5 ·
Replies
5
Views
2K
  • · Replies 4 ·
Replies
4
Views
4K
  • · Replies 10 ·
Replies
10
Views
2K
  • · Replies 5 ·
Replies
5
Views
2K
  • · Replies 4 ·
Replies
4
Views
3K