Unveiling the Mystery: How is the Wavefunction of an Electron Revealed?

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    Electron Wavefunction
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Discussion Overview

The discussion centers on how the wavefunction of an electron is determined and represented, exploring theoretical and experimental aspects related to its visualization and calculation. Participants reference Schrödinger's equation, electronic structure theory, and recent techniques for imaging wavefunctions.

Discussion Character

  • Exploratory
  • Technical explanation
  • Conceptual clarification
  • Debate/contested

Main Points Raised

  • One participant questions how the wavefunction of an electron is determined, referencing images and sources that suggest sine waves contribute to its formation.
  • Another participant explains that wavefunctions are solutions to Schrödinger's equation, indicating that sine waves represent solutions for free particles like electrons in empty space.
  • A later reply acknowledges the previous explanation as helpful.
  • Discussion includes the field of electronic structure theory, which focuses on calculating wavefunctions for complex systems like molecules and solids.
  • Participants mention a recent technique that generates images of wavefunctions for hydrogen atom orbitals, noting the distinction between an "actual picture of the wave function" and a "picture of the actual wave function." This distinction is emphasized as important in understanding the reporting of such findings.

Areas of Agreement / Disagreement

Participants express varying levels of understanding and clarity regarding the determination and visualization of wavefunctions. While some points are clarified, the discussion contains multiple perspectives on the implications of recent imaging techniques and their representation in popular media.

Contextual Notes

There are limitations in the discussion regarding the assumptions underlying the wavefunction representations and the mathematical details of Schrödinger's equation. The scope of electronic structure theory is also noted but not fully explored.

Who May Find This Useful

This discussion may be of interest to those studying quantum mechanics, electronic structure theory, or anyone curious about the visualization of wavefunctions in physics.

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The wave functions are the solutions of Schrödinger's equation; if you want to know what the wave function "looks like" you have to set up and solve that equation. The sine wave (and sums of sine waves) are the solution for a free particle such as an electron hanging out in empty space.
 
Thank you. That helped a lot
 
On a related note, doing precisely this, calculating electronic wave functions (or similar quantities) of realistic physical systems like molecules and solids is the main subject of a a large branch of physics called "electronic structure theory". Techniques to do this are dealt with in theoretical condensed matter physics and quantum chemistry.
 
PhilDSP said:
There is a recently developed technique which generates an actual picture of the wave function for several electron orbitals of a hydrogen atom using composite snapshots:

http://physics.aps.org/featured-article-pdf/10.1103/PhysRevLett.110.213001

Popular reporting:
http://www.foxnews.com/science/2013/05/28/amazing-first-ever-photograph-inside-hydrogen-atom/

And the comparison between the two should be enough to turn you off from popular reporting forever... No :smile: here.

Note that an "actual picture of the wave function" is not the same thing as a "picture of the actual wave function". This isn't a criticism, as the work in question is still quite fascinatingly cool.
 

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