What is Maxwell Distribution, Thermal Equilibrium, Fluctuation and Wein's law?

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Maxwell Distribution describes the statistical distribution of speeds of particles in a gas at thermal equilibrium. Thermal equilibrium occurs when a system's temperature is uniform, leading to consistent energy distribution among particles. Fluctuations refer to temporary deviations from this equilibrium state, which can impact particle behavior. Wien's law relates the temperature of a black body to the wavelength at which it emits radiation most intensely. Understanding these concepts is crucial for grasping Einstein's explanation of the photoelectric effect and the fundamentals of quantum theory.
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I was reading a book, 'Introducing Quantum Theory' by J.P.McEvoy, and I find it difficult to understand in details of Maxwell Distribution, Thermal Equilibrium, Fluctuation, Wein's law and Planck's quantum theory, so I am finding it difficult to follow Einstein's explanation of photoelectric effect. Can someone explain the following things I listed above, from scratch to top, including the explanation of graphs?
 
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OK My question was too vague. I will ask much more specific question.
 

Thread 'Why measure the speed of light in one direction?'

It may be shown from the equations of electromagnetism, by James Clerk Maxwell in the 1860’s, that the speed of light in the vacuum of free space is related to electric permittivity (ϵ) and magnetic permeability (μ) by the equation: c=1/√( μ ϵ ) . This value is a constant for the vacuum of free space and is independent of the motion of the observer. It was this fact, in part, that led Albert Einstein to Special Relativity.
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