What’s happening and why (water flow within a container)

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Water flow within a container is influenced by multiple factors, including pressure dynamics, hole size, and material properties. In a sealed container, an airtight seal creates a pressure differential that prevents water from dripping until the cap is opened, allowing air to enter and water to flow. The effectiveness of this method varies with container size and material, as demonstrated by the failure of a five-gallon HDPE container to replicate the behavior of smaller bottles. Surface tension also plays a significant role in the flow characteristics of water through the holes. Understanding these principles is crucial for design objectives related to controlled water flow.
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Hi all

I’m from a design background and I have a number of questions in relation to water flow within a container (e.g. coke bottle and larger). I punch a few small holes in the base of the (PET) coke bottle and then I fill it up with water, once I have done that, I place the cap back on the bottle. The water within the bottle has stopped dripping from the base, and when the cap is opened, the water flows through the holes of the base. What forces are doing this? Is it the airtight seal that has repreasuriezed the container? Or is it hole size 2mm. Alternatively, perhaps it’s something else like material selection or the design profile of the container? This method works fine for some containers (HDPE and PET) 2 litres up to 5 litres. So now, I’ve scaled up the project to a five-gallon HDPE container. It has failed to act in the same way as the other containers. Why?
 
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Surface tension is going to be a big factor here. What is the goal of your design? Do you want the water to flow only when the lid has been opened?
 
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