When Voltage is Constant (DC), is current also constant?

Click For Summary
SUMMARY

In a simple circuit with constant resistance, when voltage is steady (DC), the current is also constant. This conclusion is based on Ohm's Law (V = IR), which indicates that current remains proportional to voltage when resistance is unchanged. However, in circuits containing inductors or capacitors, the current may not be steady due to phase differences and transient responses. Specifically, the transient behavior of current in such circuits can be described using exponential and sinusoidal functions.

PREREQUISITES
  • Understanding of Ohm's Law (V = IR)
  • Knowledge of AC and DC voltage characteristics
  • Familiarity with circuit components such as resistors, inductors, and capacitors
  • Basic grasp of transient response in electrical circuits
NEXT STEPS
  • Study the step response of series RLC circuits
  • Learn about the phase relationship between voltage and current in AC circuits
  • Explore the effects of inductance and capacitance on current flow
  • Investigate the mathematical modeling of transient responses in electrical circuits
USEFUL FOR

Electrical engineering students, circuit designers, and anyone interested in understanding the behavior of current in DC and AC circuits.

Ocata
Messages
198
Reaction score
5

Homework Statement



When Voltage is oscillating (A/C), then in a simple circle with steady resistance, the current will be proportional to the voltage. When voltage increases, current will increase. And when voltage decreases, voltage will decrease. Is it also true that in a simple circuit with constant resistance, when voltage is steady (DC), then current will also be steady.

P.S.
by "steady," I mean a horizontal line on the graph.

Homework Equations



V = IR

The Attempt at a Solution


Supposing this is correct based on observing that graphs of AC voltage (represented by some sort of sine function) are usually accompanied by current represented by a sine function. I have not seen an a/c voltage graph accompanied by a steady horizontal line for current.

Thus I assume that if current is to remain proportional to a steady resistance, the current has to maintain the same "flow pattern" (perhaps different amplitude, but same frequency and phase etc) on the graph as voltage.

Thanks
 
Physics news on Phys.org
That is true when the circuit contains pure resistance. To the extent the circuit possesses inductance or capacitance, however, voltage and current will be out of phase.
 
  • Like
Likes   Reactions: Ocata
Ocata said:
Is it also true that in a simple circuit with constant resistance, when voltage is steady (DC), then current will also be steady.
If the circuit contains only resistors, then the current will be constant.
If the circuit contains energy storing elements like inductor or capacitor, the transient of the current is a combination of exponential and sinusoidal function w.r.t time.
Look up 'step response of series RLC circuit.'
 
  • Like
Likes   Reactions: Ocata
Thank you both.
 

Similar threads

  • · Replies 10 ·
Replies
10
Views
1K
  • · Replies 5 ·
Replies
5
Views
2K
  • · Replies 8 ·
Replies
8
Views
2K
  • · Replies 4 ·
Replies
4
Views
2K
  • · Replies 2 ·
Replies
2
Views
2K
  • · Replies 4 ·
Replies
4
Views
1K
  • · Replies 5 ·
Replies
5
Views
2K
Replies
14
Views
2K
Replies
5
Views
3K
Replies
2
Views
1K