Where does power meter sense current?

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Discussion Overview

The discussion revolves around how power meters, specifically those used by utility companies, measure current and voltage to calculate power consumption in residential settings. Participants explore the workings of these meters in the context of a center-tapped transformer system, addressing issues of load balancing and measurement techniques.

Discussion Character

  • Technical explanation
  • Conceptual clarification
  • Debate/contested

Main Points Raised

  • One participant questions how power meters take readings, specifically whether they average the current from L1 and L2 or measure total current directly.
  • Another participant suggests that the current in each phase is sensed using either a shunt or a current transformer, and that both current and voltage are necessary for total power calculations.
  • There is a contention regarding whether the current should be considered as an average of L1 and L2; one participant argues against this, stating that power in each phase is calculated separately and that actual voltage must be used, as it can vary significantly.
  • A later reply indicates that the neutral is used as a reference for calculating the voltage and current in each phase, which leads to a more accurate power calculation than simply averaging the currents.

Areas of Agreement / Disagreement

Participants express differing views on the methodology of current measurement and the importance of voltage accuracy. There is no consensus on whether averaging the currents is appropriate, and the discussion remains unresolved regarding the precise workings of power meters.

Contextual Notes

Participants highlight that the voltage can vary significantly, which affects the calculations. There is also mention of the need for high-rate sampling of waveforms for accurate power measurements, but the specifics of these processes remain unclear.

Evil Bunny
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I've been trying to determine how a power meter (like a utility company attaches to your house to determine your bill) works, but I can't find anything that explains exactly where the meter is taking it's readings.

On a center tapped transformer, you have L1, L2, and Neutral, but the loads aren't always balanced. Are they sensing total current on L1 and L2 and then averaging that total? I suspect this is how it works... Anyone know for sure?
 
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Evil Bunny said:
I've been trying to determine how a power meter (like a utility company attaches to your house to determine your bill) works, but I can't find anything that explains exactly where the meter is taking it's readings.

On a center tapped transformer, you have L1, L2, and Neutral, but the loads aren't always balanced. Are they sensing total current on L1 and L2 and then averaging that total? I suspect this is how it works... Anyone know for sure?

The current in each phase is sensed (either with a shunt or a current transformer), and the current and voltage of each phase are used for the total power calculation.
 
Right... the voltage is known, but the current must be the average of the sum of L1 and L2, correct?
 
Evil Bunny said:
Right... the voltage is known, but the current must be the average of the sum of L1 and L2, correct?

No. The power in each phase is calculated separately, and added up to give the whole power. You need to sense both the voltage and current in each phase -- the voltage is not "known". The voltage in each phase can vary quite a bit, and the actual voltage needs to be used for the power calculation. The waveforms are sampled at a fairly high rate, to get accurate power numbers.
 
The 240 Volts coming into my house varies quite a bit? I did not know that... Interesting.

So they're using neutral as reference and then calculating 120V (or whatever the "actual" voltage is) times the current in L1 and then 120V times the current in L2 and adding them together... I guess that makes more sense than averaging the current off the two hots and sensing the total voltage between them.

Thanks! Could not find that information out there...
 

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