A Why Does the Core of Certain Chromospheric Lines Appear in Emission in Sunspots?

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The core of certain chromospheric lines, like the 8542 A transition of the infrared Ca II triplet, appears in emission within sunspot umbrae due to chromospheric emission contrasting with strong photospheric absorption. This phenomenon is linked to enhanced chromospheric heating caused by concentrated magnetic flux above sunspots. A similar emission pattern is observed in Rho Cas, where a cooling photosphere allows emission from a surrounding material shell within some absorption lines. The interplay of magnetic fields and temperature variations plays a crucial role in these emissions. Understanding these processes is essential for studying solar and stellar atmospheres.
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What makes the core of some chromospheric lines such as the transition at 8542 A of the infrared Ca II triplet appear in emission in the dark umbra of sunspots?
 
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The emission is from the chromosphere and can be seen in contrast against the strong absorption from the cooler photosphere of the spot.

A similar thing is now happening in Rho Cas where emission from a shell of material is showing in emission within some absorption lines as the stars photosphere cools.

Regards Andrew
 
In addition there is enhanced chromospheric heating above the sunspots due to the concentration of magnetic flux enhancing the emission.
Regards Andrew
 

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