Why doesn't Noether thm produce exactly the stress-energy tensor?

In summary, the conversation discusses the use of Noether's theorem in classical field theory to compute conserved currents for the electromagnetic Lagrangian. The resulting conserved current, T^{\mu nu}, is not equal to the classical stress energy tensor, \hat T^{\mu nu}, but the difference, K^{\mu\nu}, is a total divergence and does not affect global conservation. However, it is not symmetric and its physical interpretation is unclear.
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roomzeig
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In classical field theory, use noether theorem to compute conserved currents for electromagnetic Lagrangian.
[itex]\mathcal{L} = \frac{1}{4}F_{\mu\nu}F_{\mu\nu}, \quad F_{\mu\nu}=\partial_\mu A_\nu - \partial_\nu A_\mu[/itex]
For arbitrary translational symmetries, the Noether conserved current evaluates to:
[itex]T^{\mu \nu}=-F^{\mu \sigma}\eta^{\nu\lambda} \partial_\lambda A_\sigma + \tfrac{1}{4} \eta^{\mu\nu} F_{\alpha \beta} F^{\alpha \beta}[/itex]
which is almost but not equal to the classical enm stress energy tensor:
[itex]\hat T^{\mu \nu}=-F^{\mu \sigma}\eta^{\nu\lambda} F_{\lambda \sigma} + \tfrac{1}{4} \eta^{\mu\nu} F_{\alpha \beta} F^{\alpha \beta}[/itex]
with the difference being a total divergence:
[itex]K^{\mu\nu} \equiv \hat T^{\mu\nu} - T^{\mu\nu} = \partial_\sigma \left( F^{\mu \sigma} A^{\nu} \right) [/itex]

I understand that the difference does not change global conservation etc, but why is it that the Noether procedure does not produce a *symmetric* classical stress energy tensor? is there a physical meaning of K^{\mu\nu}? if \hat T^{\mu nu} is interpreted, on the grounds of ENM, as stress-energy, what is T^{\mu\nu}?

Thanks.
 
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FAQ: Why doesn't Noether thm produce exactly the stress-energy tensor?

Question 1: What is the Noether theorem?

The Noether theorem is a fundamental principle in physics that relates symmetries in a system to conserved quantities. It was first developed by mathematician Emmy Noether in 1915.

Question 2: How does the Noether theorem relate to the stress-energy tensor?

The Noether theorem states that for every continuous symmetry in a physical system, there exists a corresponding conserved quantity. In the case of spacetime symmetries, such as translations and rotations, the conserved quantity is the stress-energy tensor.

Question 3: Why doesn't the Noether theorem always produce an exact stress-energy tensor?

The Noether theorem only guarantees the existence of conserved quantities for continuous symmetries. However, in many physical systems, there may be additional discrete symmetries that are not captured by the theorem and therefore do not produce an exact stress-energy tensor.

Question 4: Can the Noether theorem be applied to all physical systems?

The Noether theorem can be applied to any physical system that exhibits symmetries. However, it may not always produce a useful result, as mentioned in the previous question. In some cases, it may also be difficult to determine all the symmetries present in a system.

Question 5: Are there any limitations to the Noether theorem?

One limitation of the Noether theorem is that it only applies to classical systems and does not account for quantum effects. Additionally, it relies on the underlying equations of motion being symmetric, which may not always be the case in complex systems.

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