What is Complex: Definition and 1000 Discussions

The UCL Faculty of Mathematical and Physical Sciences is one of the 11 constituent faculties of University College London (UCL). The Faculty, the UCL Faculty of Engineering Sciences and the UCL Faculty of the Built Envirornment (The Bartlett) together form the UCL School of the Built Environment, Engineering and Mathematical and Physical Sciences.

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  1. M

    A Summing simple histograms to recreate a more complex one

    I wouldn't be surprised if I've posted in the wrong section because in fact the reason for posting is to get help naming this problem. That being the first step to knowing where to look for a solution. Newbie to the forum so open to advice. The problem: I have a complex histogram and a...
  2. C

    Analysis Are there any recommended Complex Analysis books for advanced students?

    I'm looking for a good Complex book, but the options seem slim. I was thinking about Rudin's Real and Complex. My only reservation is that it is not structured like any other book I've seen. I've had advanced analysis and measure and integration theory, so rigour is not a concern. I saw Alfohr's...
  3. Ken Gallock

    Non-relativistic complex scalar field

    This is spontaneous symmetry breaking problem. 1. Homework Statement Temperature is ##T=0##. For one component complex scalar field ##\phi##, non-relativistic Lagrangian can be written as $$ \mathcal{L}_{NR}=\varphi^* \Big( i\partial_t + \dfrac{\nabla^2}{2m} \Big)\varphi -...
  4. G

    I Overview of General Fresnel Equations + Complex IORs

    Hi, My understanding is that when light (with some frequency and polarization) hits the interface between two media (each with some frequency-dependent material properties), the Fresnel equations apply. This tells us how much light reflects back versus refracts across the interface. I'm...
  5. Y

    MHB How to Avoid Extraneous Solutions in Solving Complex Equations

    Hello all, Please look at the following: Solve the equation: \[\left | z \right |i+2z=\sqrt{3}\] where z is a complex number. I tried solving it, and did the following, which is for some reason wrong. I saw a correct solution. My question to you is why mine is not, i.e., where is my mistake...
  6. K

    A A system of partial differential equations with complex vari

    Hi, I need to solve a system of first order partial differential equations with complex variables given by What software should I use for solving this problem..? The system includes 13 differential equations ...
  7. Y

    MHB Geometric Series with Complex Numbers

    Hello all, Three consecutive elements of a geometric series are: m-3i, 8+i, n+17i where n and m are real numbers. I need to find n and m. I have tried using the conjugate in order to find (8+i)/(m-3i) and (n+17i)/(8+i), and was hopeful that at the end I will be able to compare the real and...
  8. Y

    MHB Complex Numbers - from Polar to Algebraic

    Hello all, I am trying to find the algebraic representation of the following numbers: \[rcis(90^{\circ}+\theta )\] and \[rcis(90^{\circ}-\theta )\] The answers in the book are: \[-y+ix\] and \[y+ix\] respectively. I don't get it... In the first case, if I take 90 degrees (working with...
  9. Y

    MHB Polar Representation of a Complex Number

    Hello all, Given a complex number: \[z=r(cos\theta +isin\theta )\] I wish to find the polar representation of: \[-z,-z\bar{}\] I know that the answer should be: \[rcis(180+\theta )\] and \[rcis(180-\theta )\] but I don't know how to get there. I suspect a trigonometric identity, but I...
  10. blckndglxy

    Complex number and its conjugate problem help

    Homework Statement Given that a complex number z and its conjugate z¯ satisfy the equation z¯z¯ + zi = -i +1. Find the values of z. Homework EquationsThe Attempt at a Solution
  11. Adgorn

    Proving properties of a 2x2 complex positive matrix

    Homework Statement Prove that a 2x2 complex matrix ##A=\begin{bmatrix} a & b \\ c & d\end{bmatrix}## is positive if and only if (i) ##A=A*##. and (ii) ##a, d## and ##\left| A \right| = ad-bc## Homework Equations N/A The Attempt at a Solution I got stuck at the first part. if ##A## is positive...
  12. Gary Smith

    B Is it possible for any wave to be in a complex of waves?

    Also, if you get the gist of what I am asking, I would greatly appreciate correction of my vocabulary.
  13. S

    I Solving Complex Integral Paths - Real Line Poles

    Hello! If I have a real integral between ##-\infty## and ##+\infty## and the function to be integrated is holomorphic in the whole complex plane except for a finite number of points on the real line does it matter how I make the path around the poles on the real line? I.e. if I integrate on the...
  14. Y

    MHB Drawing Complex Numbers on a Plane

    Hello all, I wish to plot and following complex numbers on a plane, and to find out which shape will be created. I find it hard to figure out the first one, I believe that the others will follow more easily (the forth is also tricky). \[z_{1}=\frac{2}{i-1}\] \[z_{2}=-\bar{z_{1}}\]...
  15. F

    Complex Capacitor Circuit (for me)

    Homework Statement 1. V for C1 2. Let's Say "C" is Resistor then C1 = R1 etc. how to get Eq Resistance for this Circuit ?[/B]Homework Equations Faraday's Law, Kirchoff Law The Attempt at a Solution [/B] for no 1 :I just want to make sure. point A is transfering negative charge to C2 and...
  16. gimak

    Impedance & complex currents & voltages

    Homework Statement Just problem 19C. Homework Equations P=IV=Ieiwt*Veiwt. T The Attempt at a Solution P = IVe2iwt=IVcos(2wt). What did I do wrong?
  17. L

    MHB Complex Numbers - Number of Solutions

    Hiya all, I need your assistance with the following problem: A) Show that the equation \[z^{2}+i\bar{z}=(-2)\] has only two imaginary solutions. B) If Z1 and Z2 are the solutions, draw a rectangle which has the following vertices: Z1+3 , Z2+3 , Z1+i , Z2+i I do not know how to even...
  18. S

    MHB Complex Numbers - writing in polar form

    Hello everyone, I have a complex number problem that i would greatly appreciate some help with. Thanks in advance to anyone offering their time to make a contribution. Q) Write the following in polar form: I have attempted the question (please see my working below) and have been advised that i...
  19. B

    B Why does every subfield of Complex number have a copy of Q?

    Why does every subfield of Complex number have a copy of rational numbers ? Here's my proof, Let ##F## is a subield of ##\Bbb C##. I can assume that ##0, 1 \in F##. Lets say a number ##p \in F##, then ##1/p \ p \ne 0## and ##-p## must be in ##F##. Now since ##F## is subfield of ##\Bbb C##...
  20. S

    I Merging Two Threads: Complex Integrals & Branch Cuts

    <Moderator note: Merger of two threads on the topic.> Hello! I am reading some basic stuff on complex integrals using branch cuts and i found the problem in the attachment. I am not sure I understand why the branch cut is along ##R^+##. I thought that branch cut is, loosely speaking, a line...
  21. S

    I Prove Complex Integral: $\int_m^\infty\sqrt{x^2-m^2}e^{-ixt}dx$

    Hello! I found a proof in my physics books and at a step it says that: ##\int_m^\infty\sqrt{x^2-m^2}e^{-ixt}dx \sim_{t \to \infty} e^{-imt}##. Any advice on how to prove this?
  22. S

    I Identical zero function in the complex plane

    Hi! If a holomorphic function ##f:G \to C##, where ##G## is a region in the complex plane is equal to zero for all values ##z## in a disk ##D_{[z_0,r]}##, inside ##G##, is it zero everywhere in the region G? And if this is true, does it mean that if an entire function is zero in a disk, it is...
  23. S

    I Difference between complex and real analysis

    Hello! I see that all theorems in complex analysis are talking about a function in a region of the complex plane. A region is defined as an open, connected set. If I am not wrong, the real line, based on this definition, is a region. I am a bit confused why there are so many properties of the...
  24. S

    I Proof of Harmonic Function Infinitely Differentiable

    Hello! I have this Proposition: "A harmonic function is infinitely differentiable". The book gives a proof that uses this theorem: "Suppose u is harmonic on a simply-connected region G. Then there exists a harmonic function v in G such that ##f = u + iv## is holomorphic in G. ". In the proof...
  25. S

    Proof of Degree <= 1 for Entire Function f

    Homework Statement Suppose f is entire and there exist constants a and b such that ##|f(z)| \le a|z|+b## for all ##z \in C##. Prove that f is a polynomial of degree at most 1. Homework EquationsThe Attempt at a Solution We have that for any ##z \neq 0##, ##\frac{|f(z)|}{a|z|} \le b##. So if we...
  26. S

    I Learning Complex Integration: Endpoints & Paths

    Hello! I started learning about complex analysis and I am a bit confused about integration. I understand that if we take different paths for the same function, the value on the integral is different, depending on the path. But if we use the antiderivative...
  27. Mr Real

    I Constant raised to complex numbers

    It's not a homework question. I just thought up a method of finding answers to problems where a number is raised to a complex number and I need to know if I am right. If we have to find e^(i), can we do it by; first squaring it to get, e^(-1) which is 1/e and then taking its square root to get...
  28. J

    MHB Complex wave forms and fundamentals.... Very very stuck

    Hi, My teacher tasked me with a complex waveform question, i have looked for some time to find out how to tackle these, but i still do not know where to begin. Any help would be greatly appreciated, not look for an answer just a method. i=12sin(40*\pi t) + 4sin(120* \pi t - /3\pi) + 2sin(200...
  29. Q

    Programs Exploring Complex Systems Physics: A Masters Student's Guide

    I am a undergraduate student of engineering and I'm planning to go for Master's in physics department. I've watched some websites of research faculty or groups and I think (correct me if I'm wrong ;) there are main theoretical and experimental fields of these: - Elementary particles - Condensed...
  30. mkematt96

    Complex Numbers and Euler's Identity

    Homework Statement exp(z)=-4+3i, find z in x+iy form Homework Equations See attached image. The Attempt at a Solution See attached image. exp(z)=exp(x+iy)=exp(x)*exp(iy)=exp(x)*[cos(y)+isin(y)] ... y=inv(tan(-3/4)=-.6432 ... mag(-4+3i)=5, x= ln (5)..exp(ln(5))=5 ...
  31. mkematt96

    Finding Magnitude of complex number expression

    Homework Statement We are given Z, and are asked to find the magnitude of the expression. See attached picture(s) Homework Equations See attached pictures(s) The Attempt at a Solution When I solved it on the exam, I did it the long way using De Moivre's theorem. I ended up making a few sign...
  32. W

    Geometric interpretation of complex equation

    Homework Statement $$z^2 + z|z| + |z|^2=0$$ The locus of ##z## represents- a) Circle b) Ellipse c) Pair of Straight Lines d) None of these Homework Equations ##z\bar{z} = |z|^2## The Attempt at a Solution Let ##z = r(cosx + isinx)## Using this in the given equation ##r^2(cos2x + isin2x) +...
  33. M

    B Complex numbers unit circle

    Hi everyone. I was looking at complex numbers, eulers formula and the unit circle in the complex plane. Unfortunately I can't figure out what the unit circle is used for. As far as I have understood: All complex numbers with an absolut value of 1 are lying on the circle. But what about...
  34. K

    B How can I accurately sketch a complex graph with functions like 2x-⅜+¾e^-2x?

    Hi guys, I need some help on sketching graph complex functions such as ( 2x-⅜+¾e^-2x). Can someone please help me on sketching a graph like the one that I mentioned above. Is there any useful videos or website I can use. And please let me know if there are any good tips to get accurate...
  35. S

    I Complex integral of a real integrand

    I am trying to do the following integral: $$\int_{\pi f}^{3\pi f} dx \sqrt{\cos(x/f)}.$$ Wolfram alpha - http://www.wolframalpha.com/input/?i=integrate+(cos(x))^(1/2)+dx+from+x=pi+to+3pi gives me $$\int_{\pi f}^{3\pi f} dx \sqrt{\cos(x/f)} = 4f E(2) = 2.39628f + 2.39628if,$$ where E is the...
  36. M

    Difference between real and complex signals

    Hello everyone. Iam trying to get my head around the difference between real and complex numbers, but Iam having a hard time... I read that the difference is that a complex signal contains phase information. If I look at a real signal --> x(t) = Acos(wt + Θ) and compare...
  37. T

    Another Improper Integral Using Complex Analysis

    Homework Statement $$\int_{-\infty}^\infty \space \frac{cos(2x)}{x-3i}dx$$ Homework EquationsThe Attempt at a Solution $$\int_{-R}^R \space \frac{e^{2ix}}{x-3i}dx + \int_{C_R} \space \frac{e^{2iz}}{z-3i}dz = 2\pi i\sum\space res \space f(z)$$ Then using Jordan's Lemma, as ##R\to\infty## the...
  38. T

    Improper Integral Using Complex Analysis

    Homework Statement Compute the Integral: ##\int_{-\infty}^\infty \space \frac{e^{-2ix}}{x^2+4}dx## Homework Equations ##\int_C \space f(z) = 2\pi i \sum \space res \space f(z)## The Attempt at a Solution At first I tried doing this using a bounded integral but couldn't seem to get the right...
  39. C

    MHB Show this matrix is isomorphic to complex number

    So the question is show that $$S=\left\{ \begin{pmatrix} a & b\\ -b & a \end{pmatrix} :a,b \in \Bbb{R} ,\text{ not both zero}\right\}$$ is isomorphic to $\Bbb{C}^*$, which is a non-zero complex number considered as a group under multiplication So I've shown that it is a group homomorphism by...
  40. binbagsss

    Complex scalar field -- Quantum Field Theory -- Ladder operators

    Homework Statement STATEMENT ##\hat{H}=\int \frac{d^3k}{(2\pi)^2}w_k(\hat{a^+(k)}\hat{a(k)} + \hat{b^{+}(k)}\hat{b(k)})## where ##w_k=\sqrt{{k}.{k}+m^2}## The only non vanishing commutation relations of the creation and annihilation operators are: ## [\alpha(k),\alpha^{+}(p)] =(2\pi)^3...
  41. moriheru

    Least distance between two complex numbers on two loci

    Homework Statement This is a CIE A'level maths P3 question out of an exam from 2013 in October/November. As there is no markscheme ( I at least can't find one), I would be grateful if someone could look at my solution to the problem and correct me if I made a mistake. The problem is 8.(b)...
  42. I

    Mathematica Part of complex plot disappears [mathematica]

    I have a very large expression: j - Sqrt[q^2 + qp^2 - 2 q qp Cos[\[Theta]]] - \[Sqrt](qp^2 + 1/2 (16 m5^2 + ma^2 + mp^2 - Sqrt[(-(16 m5^2) - ma^2 - mp^2)^2 - 4 (ma^2 mp^2 - 16 m5^2 qp^2)])) == 0 where \[Theta] = Pi/6; ma = 980; mp = 139; j...
  43. KennethK

    How to show simplicial complex is Hausdorff?

    Homework Statement Prove that any simplicial complex is Hausdorff. Homework EquationsThe Attempt at a Solution I have proved that for any finite simplicial complex, it is metrizable and hence Hausdorff. How to show the statement for infinite case?
  44. Cocoleia

    Working with phasors (Circuits, such as complex power)

    Homework Statement I am going over examples in my textbook and I came across this: I don't understand how they converted 18.265 at angle of 39.9 to 14.02+j11.71 Homework Equations I know how to convert from the imaginary numbers into the angle form, usually I use: Is there another equation...
  45. Crush1986

    Showing Complex Vectors are Orthonormal

    Homework Statement let \epsilon_1 and \epsilon_2 be unit vectors in R3. Define two complex unit vectors as follows: \epsilon_{\pm} = \frac{1}{\sqrt{2}}(\epsilon_1 \pm i \epsilon_2) verify that epsilon plus minus constitutes a set of complex orthonormal unit vectors. That is, show that...
  46. Gourav kumar Lakhera

    Why doesn't √-1×√-1 always equal 1 in complex numbers?

    As we know that √-5×√-5=5 i.e multiplication with it self My question is that according to this √-1×√-1=1.but it does not hold good in case of i(complex number). I.e i^2 =-1. Why?
  47. snate

    I Confused about complex numbers

    Can someone please explain what's going on at 47:40 Thanks in advance.
  48. M

    Polar form of complex numbers

    Homework Statement well this is not exactly a homework, i had an argument whith my teacher about my grade in a test, because i put a complex number in the form of R,theta and she claims that the form was costheta+isentheta, and i know that but i need to prove in a book that...
  49. MichPod

    I Why Does Quantum Mechanics Require Complex Numbers?

    Is the fact that QM uses complex numbers should be considered as a math artefact (as it is the case when complex numbers are used for alternate current circuit analysis), or, alternatively, it has some deep and important relation to the nature (or at least to the nature of the quantum theory)...
  50. K

    Complex Analysis/Radius of Convergence question.

    Homework Statement Question asks to show that if f is an entire function and bounded then it is polynomial of degree m or less. Homework Equations The Attempt at a Solution I tried plugging in the power series for f(z) and tried/know it is related to Liouville's Theorem somehow but I am...
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