Friction is the force resisting the relative motion of solid surfaces, fluid layers, and material elements sliding against each other. There are several types of friction:
Dry friction is a force that opposes the relative lateral motion of two solid surfaces in contact. Dry friction is subdivided into static friction ("stiction") between non-moving surfaces, and kinetic friction between moving surfaces. With the exception of atomic or molecular friction, dry friction generally arises from the interaction of surface features, known as asperities (see Figure 1).
Fluid friction describes the friction between layers of a viscous fluid that are moving relative to each other.Lubricated friction is a case of fluid friction where a lubricant fluid separates two solid surfaces.Skin friction is a component of drag, the force resisting the motion of a fluid across the surface of a body.
Internal friction is the force resisting motion between the elements making up a solid material while it undergoes deformation.When surfaces in contact move relative to each other, the friction between the two surfaces converts kinetic energy into thermal energy (that is, it converts work to heat). This property can have dramatic consequences, as illustrated by the use of friction created by rubbing pieces of wood together to start a fire. Kinetic energy is converted to thermal energy whenever motion with friction occurs, for example when a viscous fluid is stirred. Another important consequence of many types of friction can be wear, which may lead to performance degradation or damage to components. Friction is a component of the science of tribology.
Friction is desirable and important in supplying traction to facilitate motion on land. Most land vehicles rely on friction for acceleration, deceleration and changing direction. Sudden reductions in traction can cause loss of control and accidents.
Friction is not itself a fundamental force. Dry friction arises from a combination of inter-surface adhesion, surface roughness, surface deformation, and surface contamination. The complexity of these interactions makes the calculation of friction from first principles impractical and necessitates the use of empirical methods for analysis and the development of theory.
Friction is a non-conservative force – work done against friction is path dependent. In the presence of friction, some kinetic energy is always transformed to thermal energy, so mechanical energy is not conserved.
i tryed putting all the number into that equation but it does not work, i have no clue if i need to include the angle to solve this or not and if i do i have no clue how i would
On speeding up:
τload - τfriction = Iαup
On speeding down:
τfriction = Iαdown
If i substitute τfriction from speeding down to speeding up equation, i get moment of inertia:
I = (τload)/(αup+αdown)
But, is this allowed? Does friction torque in speeding up is equal to friction torque in...
I know the ans comes out to be mgsintheeta/3 by using f=ma and the torque eqn but my question is as stated in the question the cylinder is in pure rolling hence friction should only try to oppose mgsintheeta so that the accelration does not change hence v remains equal to rw so why is the ans...
Suppose we are driving on moon (I mean there is not air resistance) at a constant velocity. Suddenly the car goes on an icy land (the friction is zero). What happens?
In other words, if we drive at constant velocity and there isn't air resistance, Is there any friction force between tires and...
A long horizontal rod has a bead which can slide along its length and is initially placed at a distance ## L ## from one end A of the rod.The rod starts from rest in angular motion about A with a constant angular acceleration ##\alpha## .If the coefficient of friction between the rod and the...
1). I calculated maximum safe velocity using the equation -
V(max)=√200x10x0.2
=20m/s
So the speed at which car is traveling is greater than the safe speed.. So the car should skid. So why 4th option is not correct ?
Could you please explain the term 'co-efficient of static friction'?
why do the banking of roads or tracks depend of co-efficient of static friction?and not on the co-efficient of kinetic friction?
Hi.
Processes involving a friction force whose direction somehow depends on the direction of the velocity, such as ##\vec{F}=-\mu\cdot\vec{v}##, aren't symmetric with respect to time reversal. If you play it backwards, this force would be accelerating.
On the other hand, friction dissipates...
This is a deep well & the dimensions of the bottom chamber is 5x1x5ft which holds 187 gallons. The pump is located in this chamber with a piston/plunger only going up to the top of this chamber at 5ft.
The pump pushes 187 gallons into a 6inch diameter pipe which is 1000ft long = 1,470 gallons...
The friction from the rod and the friction from the plane on the cylinder should be the same due to torque equilibrium on the cylinder. If we let N_1 be the normal force on the rod and N_2 be the normal force on the cylinder from the plane, I expected µN_1 = µN_2. Looking at torque on the rod...
A man tries to climb up a rope with acceleration, ## a ##. What does he actually do to climb up?
My Interpretation
Let the man pull the rope at point A. So the Point A will pull the man with Tension, ## T ##. But at the same time the man is holding the rope, so there will be some normal...
I was reading this book on mechanics by derek raine and came up on something called friction paraddox.
Suppose a block is is moving with constant speed and the external force is balanced by friction. We know friction causes heat dissipation and the external force supplies some energy so as to...
Given that a body is moving with a constant velocity on a rough surface. Is it possible to say that if the force (which keeps the body moving with a constant velocity) is withdrawn then the rate at which it will decelerate = limiting frictional force / mass of the body? {Force = m * a}.
Thank you.
This is just a conceptual question. I get that when a car is turning on an unbanked curve, the friction provides the centripetal force. I don't understand why this is though. I thought friction is supposed to oppose the direction of motion. But that would imply that the direction...
Problem Statement: Difference between frictional force and force of friction.
Relevant Equations: Difference between frictional force and force of friction.
Difference between frictional force and force of friction. Are these two terms equal?
Here's the given F-t graph
My Attempt...
Fsmax=10N & Fk= 5N
I made equatiom F=5t-5 ( by seeing Force force and Counteracting kinetic friction)
reduced the formula to a=(5t-t)/2 wrote a=dv/dt and solved it but got wrong answer.
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Now, I can get the solution in the book by writing and solving the force and the torque equations together with the non-slipping relation between the angular acceleration and the center of mass acceleration. However, the book solution only arises if there no friction between...
I've witnessed 1st-hand with my own eyeballs this guy riding an S-shaped path through chicane at Thunderhill East+West 5-mile combined course with front-wheel IN THE AIR! I believe bike is a Yamaha TZ250, 100-120bhp and 200-lbs weight.
I conducted an experiment to document behavior of single...
I calculated friction = 1N.But since force is more than maximum friction,therefore lower block will not move and a force of 0.5N will be applied to upper block.
Therefore its work done by friction will be W=0.5×6=3 J.
But answer given is 1 J.
Can anyone help.
Suppose a metal disk is spinning at constant rate of one cycle per second and at a radius of about four inches a small metal block is pressed against the disk. The circumference of the path of the contact is exactly one foot.
The coefficient of kinetic friction between the disk and the small...
Hello, do someone have time to help me out with an assignment?
My question
In the answer sheet they say:
What I do not understand is why m is withdrawn from both sides, since I don't see that those represent the same mass. When I did the assignment I thought m at the left side would be the...
Friction is commonly thought to arise from the electromagnetic forces of the atoms at the boundary between two surfaces in contact. However it occurs to me that, in addition to charge quanta, there are also mass quanta present in this system and they could very well play a role.
Now, I'm just...
Hello,
I have a cuboid on two different surfaces. I am applying a changeable force F to it, but it should stay on the same point / in static friction. I now want to calculate the combined (static) friction coefficient μ_combined out of the two known coefficients of cuboid to surface 1 μ_1 and...
It seems to me that this transition implies going from kinetic friction to static friction. The kinetic friction would apply a torque that would slow down the object's angular velocity, but I'm not sure how this connects to the object suddenly transitioning into rotating without slipping.
Summary: Relation between deformed foil and friction force
Good morning everyone,
i have a small leaf or steel that is bent from one side by a Pressure of many bars.
in front of the leaf there's a rotating disk, separated by the leaf by a small gap.
this leaf, as it deforms, wins the gaps and...
I feel like it would go on the side of the energy the object has where it starts - an object dropped off a cliff would be modeled U - W = K but an object thrown upwards from ground level would be
K - W = U. I am not sure though.
(The weight scale = 10 kg).
After initial force, now the mass is lowering down at constant speed of 1 m/s.
The motor with pulley's radius of 1 meter is exerted 100 Newton m to keep constant V.
The motor speed is about 9.55 rpm.
* All other weights, inertia and frictions of the system is...
I tried to find the force of friction using the the coefficient of kinetic friction with the equation F=nukmgcos Ѳ. Then I made the force of friction equal to the force of pull. I don't know what I'm doing wrong as I'm getting the wrong answer. I have attached a picture of my work.
Fg = mg
= 50 * 10
= 500 N
Fn = mg-ma
= 500 - (50.0)(1.0)
= 500-50
= 450
I don't necessarily know if this is right and I can't seem to find the Ff or coefficient of friction either. Please Help!
I am testing a new note-taking method which I invented recently in order to help filter out irrelevant information and focus on what is actually useful and worth noting down/remembering. I then applied this to the Friction chapter in the tipler/mosca textbook as a way of testing out how this...
Hi everyone,
I'm trying to derive DC motor differential equations. I have some doubts:
I have a viscous friction coefficient in terms of N*m*s. Is it possible to express it in terms of N*m*s/rad? And how?
Some exercises show this value in Newton-meter-second and others in...
Consider a block on a sheet of paper. If the sheet is pulled without sliding the block, who has done work on the block (since it has undergone a kinetic energy variation)? I can not see another force doing work other than the static frictional force on the block.
I think I am on the right path but I'm having trouble cancelling out the mass of the wallet. I drew a free body diagram and know that there are three forces acting on the wallet: gravity, friction, and normal force (including the van's acceleration).
The y-component of the friction and normal...
Good morning sirs,
let's imagine a cylinder, surrounded on 360° by a coating of the same shape. I can close the 2 half using 2 bolt screws.
what's the maximun transmittable torque?
here's a scheme:
i would to consider the sum of forces as a normal force on the top of the cylinder, producing a...
Homework Statement
This is the problem from the book "physics for scientists and engineers..." by Serway, Jewett / Chapter 5, problem 98
Initially, the system of objects shown in Figure P5.93 -
is held motionless. The pulley and all surfaces and wheels
are frictionless. Let the force F be...
Hi!
I'm working in a new area and I'm looking for inputs/suggestions for relevant factors to look into and possible ressource where I can read about this :)
I did some tests in a pulley similar to the one below.
I had a fixed weight at M2. I started with M1=M2 but added weights to M1 until...
In the situation of a magnet moving towards a flat sheet of copper; why doesn't the copper gain angular moment as the electrons move in concetric circles? The electrons are experiencing friction as they move through the copper.
Homework Statement
Hello. I have slope = 45 degrees, at distance 36.4cm (0.364m) object gains 2m/s speed. Need to calculate friction coefficient. Correct answer is ( 0,2). How to calculate?
Homework Equations
1) t = s/v "t" - time; "s" - distance "v" - speed
2) S =...
Homework Statement
A person of mass ##m## stands at the left end of a boat of mass ##M## and length ##L##. Both the person and the boat are initially at rest. The coefficient of kinetic friction between the boat and the water is ##\mu##. If the person starts moving to the right, what is the...
Homework Statement
A sledge loaded with bricks has a total mass of 18.0 kg and is pulled at constant speed by a rope inclined at 20.0° above the horizontal. The sledge moves a distance of 20.0 m on a horizontal surface. The coefficient of kinetic friction between the sledge and surface is...
Hello everyone. I find the following problem confusing.
A board sandwiched between two boards in the figure below weighs 95.5N. If friction exists between the middle and the compressing boards, draw the free body diagram of the middle board.
Below I attached the diagram found in the solution...
Homework Statement
A water tank with a total mass of m0 is moving on a horizontal road with a coefficient of friction equals to μ.
At t=0 water starts to come out of the tank with a velocity equal to u0 in relation to the tank. Each second the mass of water that comes out is λ.
Find the...
Homework Statement
I am posting the snapshot of the problem
Homework Equations
Moment of Inertia equations
The Attempt at a Solution
Now, the pulley has the moment of inertia ##I = 1.5MR^2##. This is strange, since the coefficient of ##MR^2## is less than or equal to 1. So, this means that...
Hello colleagues,
I'm designing a simple precision rotational mechanism for angular positioning of an optical element. I need a total rotation travel angle of about 50 deg at a low speed (a few seconds for the full travel) with about 4000 discrete positions over the travel angle. Any systematic...
Homework Statement
The 2 objects slid on the incline level without friction. The height difference of the objects at t=0 is 8m. At t'=1.5sec the objects are on the same horizontal level. What is the analogy of M/m? (M is the mass of the left object and m the mass of the right object.
*Have a...