What is Paper: Definition and 1000 Discussions

Paper is a thin sheet material produced by mechanically or chemically processing cellulose fibres derived from wood, rags, grasses or other vegetable sources in water, draining the water through fine mesh leaving the fibre evenly distributed on the surface, followed by pressing and drying. Although paper was originally made in single sheets by hand, almost all is now made on large machines—some making reels 10 metres wide, running at 2,000 metres per minute and up to 600,000 tonnes a year. It is a versatile material with many uses, including printing, packaging, decorating, writing, cleaning, filter paper, wallpaper, book endpaper, conservation paper, laminated worktops, toilet tissue, currency and security paper and a number of industrial and construction processes.
The papermaking process developed in east Asia, probably China, at least as early as 105 CE, by the Han court eunuch Cai Lun, although the earliest archaeological fragments of paper derive from the 2nd century BCE in China. The modern pulp and paper industry is global, with China leading its production and the United States following.

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  1. C

    I Tom Banks' New Paper - Contra Eternal Inflation

    https://arxiv.org/abs/1910.12817 As a layman I've come to share this paper, mainly to garner the opinions of others to see what you all think, it was fairly insightful and seems interesting at least.
  2. jim mcnamara

    Science white paper on miniproteins

    https://www.sciencemag.org/news/2019/10/new-universe-miniproteins-upending-cell-biology-and-genetics Miniproteins are defined as proteins with relatively few amino acids. Until recently short DNA sequences that could code for a tiny protein were pretty much ignored. By definition. For...
  3. W

    How to Safely Dispose of Personal Info w/o Shredders

    Hi, We all have paper documents containing our personal info: general receipts, regular mail, etc., that we don't want others seeing. I have taken mine to a place that does shredding, but the cost is starting to add up. I can't realistically start a (controlled, of course) fire. I asked the...
  4. K

    Does paper trap any bacteria/microorganism/virus etc over time?

    Does paper, for example, old books, or any type of paper that is commonly used, could it trap any acteria/microorganism/virus etc over time?? How to "clean" paper?
  5. ubergewehr273

    I Why does a paper roll unwind in jerks?

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  6. Phylosopher

    How does glue reinforce two sheets of paper joined together?

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  7. phyzguy

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  8. DEvens

    A Alcubierre Warp Drive: Intro Paper for GR Students

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  9. Haorong Wu

    Studying Key Elements to Consider When Reading Scientific Papers: A Guide for Researchers

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  10. A

    A Confusion about 2016 Unruh paper - fluctuating vacuum energy density?

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  11. A

    A Deriving an inequality from a paper

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  12. Q

    I A new insight from the Frauchiger and Renner paper affecting MWI

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  13. V

    Basic fluid mechanics questions about an oceanography paper

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  14. A

    A Recent paper on QED using finite-dimensional Hilbert space - validity?

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  15. W

    A Can Ricci Flow be Used in Lorentz Manifolds?

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  16. B

    Ocr practical paper question on concept

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  17. B

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  18. B

    Direction of the induced current from an OCR paper -- concept question

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  19. B

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  20. B

    Conceptual question about binding energy, from OCR paper

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  21. B

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  22. TeethWhitener

    New paper about online harassment and participation in science threads

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  23. W

    A Solving Møller Energy Distribution Problem in Paper

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  24. B

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  25. B

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  26. F

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  27. B

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  28. A

    I Provide me the paper by Peebles,P.J.E 1980 and 1993

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  29. B

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  30. B

    AQA physics paper On potential energy in mass spring system

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  31. Caio Graco

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  32. Cerenkov

    B Which Hawking paper? (no singularity at the beginning of the universe)

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  33. E

    I Question about an entanglement paper

    I am re-reading paper(s) by Huw Price and Ken Wharton that present an interesting explanation of entanglement. I will see if I can paste a link, otherwise one can find them on arXiv: one is for example, “Disentangling the Quantum World”. The idea is that there could be retro-casual communication...
  34. Q

    Other Where and how can I submit my first paper? (Not an Expert)

    Hello everyone,I have been working on a project for the last two and half years-maybe three (irregularly), since I was an undergraduate. I nearly finished the project, and I am not sure if it is worth publishing or not. It is a correction to a space flight using one specific phenomena. As far...
  35. A

    Preliminary Paper or books regarding Brans-Dicke theory

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  36. R

    Other Question about the number of authors on a paper and how this....

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  37. Q

    Understand Logic of Wald & Zoupas' Expression on Conserved Quantities

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  38. R

    Other Locating an older scientific paper without the title?

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  39. L

    B Dark matter research paper question

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  40. D

    MHB What Are the Odds of Winning or Drawing in Paper Rock Scissors?

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  41. W

    Technical (paper) Books -- Still worth it?

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  42. Y

    Other What Should I Do If My Paper's Status Changes Without Notification?

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  43. Gerson J Ferreira

    Solid State Group theory paper suggestions for my classes

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  44. Alex Petrosyan

    Why the explanation of wormholes using paper grinds my gears

    Hey, This is more of a discussion rather than a question. A lot of movies (e.g. interstellar, Event Horizon), have a go at trying to explain how the Warp/Alcubierre drive could work, and usually, the argument goes like this: They take a point A and a point B, connect them with a line on the...
  45. P

    B Math-Based Time Dilation Paper: Seeking Suggestions

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  46. diogenesNY

    Other Citations of a particular paper

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  47. Danny Boy

    A Quantum synchronization description used in a paper

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  48. cobalt124

    Stephen Hawking's Final Paper published

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  49. nomadreid

    I Validity of a paper on the standard conclusions from Bell, etc

    In most popular explanations of entanglement, the quantum information of an entangled two-particle system changes without regard to the distance between the two particles. The following paper seems (to my unprofessional eye) to be questioning this interpretation...
  50. StevieTNZ

    I Quantum theory - Nature Paper 18 Sept

    Earlier this morning I came across this article -- https://phys.org/news/2018-09-errors-quantum-world.html -- which is about an open for all article in Nature Communications -- https://www.nature.com/articles/s41467-018-05739-8 I've yet to fully work through the paper, but if this thread is...
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