Analog Definition and 281 Threads

Homework Statement Given: an npn transistor having VBE = 0.76V for a collector current of 10mA at T=350 K (n=1) Find the corresponding collector current for VBE = 0.70V 2. Relevant questions a) Wouldn't that temperature be way to high for the transistor to act normally?? I mean 350K is 170F...

Homework Statement An internally compensated op amp has a DC open-loop gain of 1,000,000 (V/V) and an ac open-loop gain of 40dB at 10kHz. Provide the expected gain in dB at 1kHz... Homework Equations Please help, I don't know what to use for an exact answer. The Attempt at a Solution Beyond...

What makes us believe we can represent an analog universe with digital representations? We can only know the radius of a circle or it's circumference with precision because Pi is an approximation.

Homework Statement define the time in an analog clock up to the second. The time needs to be such that the minute hand, is at the exact same position as the hour hand. This position of the hands needs to be between 10th and 11th hour. Homework Equations 3. The Attempt at a Solution [/B] I...

Liquid water sitting can evaporate without a problem, given that the vapor pressure surrounding it is less than the temperature dependent saturated vapor pressure. Similarly, an ice cube can also evaporate without becoming liquid under these same conditions. However, an extreme form of...

What are some effective ways to convert a Pulse Width Modulation from a Microcontroller to a DC Voltage as a function of Pulse Width? 1. Use a low pass filter to remove the unwanted harmonics and leave only the 0th term of the Fourier Series. What produces a better DC Voltage an Active or a...

Homework Statement Let’s say you know that the input signal will be about -0.25 V. What range should you select to give maximum deflection without going off scale? Draw a line, with a straight-edge, on the picture above, showing how the pointer would point. Below is the picture of the analog...

Hello, i have Current Transformer 600/5A, it connected with Amps Analog meter (0-600A @class2.5). i want to update without remove connection of old analog meter and update PLC analog input card +signal convertor 0-4mA, my doubt is will take connection for both (measuring device) at same point...

I am stuck with this (d) all the other (a),(b),(c) were just like (a) E= −∇φ (b) ∇ · E= −∇2φ (c) ∇ × E I know only very basic about Gauss' law, the problem is not from Electrodynamics course. I don't know what should I do to solve (d)

In my electrical engineering Textbook, In the beginning of it, when they were introducing analog and digit signals, they said an analog signal was a signal that depends on some sort of changing continuous variable such as time. The later went on to say that Analog signals can be depending on...

Hi there, why the decomposition of periodic Composite signal give discrete frequencies and decomposition of aperiodic signal give continuous(in decimal) frequencies. please kindly do explain the concept behind in as simple words possible. Thanks

So I have no form of engineering education, but I had a hypothesis on an analog mechanical clock being able to account for the effect of gravity on time with a form of super-sensitive weight and scale system to control speed. Has this been done? Either way, any thoughts on the matter?

Hi, anyone into analog computing? I was wondering if there is an example of a simple virtual analog computer somewhere (open source), I can't seem to find one. I'm interested in basic principles of advancing the state of the network, as you must do on a digital computer. I found some complex...

Hi, I would really like to make a system who takes a Microfone(Analog signal) convert it to a Ethernet(Digital signal) and in the end convert it back to Speaker(Analog signal). How would be the best way to do this? I have thought about using a raspberry pi or a micro controller. But do anyone...

Gauss law in case of sphere which has charge ##q## is ##\oint \vec{E}\cdot d\vec{S}=\frac{q}{\epsilon_0}## Is there some anologone for case of sphere with mass ##m## such that ##\oint \vec{G}\cdot d\vec{S}=4\pi \gamma m ## and what is ##\vec{G}## in that case?

Hello all, The root problem is that I can't put all my analogue inputs onto one input card (each card has 4 inputs) on the project I'm working on. We have four sensors, they should all output 4-20mA. Two are source type outputs, supply voltage goes in, sensor current comes out, current is...

Hi PF, I can't decide which path I should go down in terms of my focus. I really love digital hardware from FPGAs to doing IC layouts, I also enjoy the trade-offs involved in making a computer architecture. I also like analog circuits with things like mosfets and opamps. I think it would be...

According to Maxwell's Equations, the classical vacuum permittivity and permeability have a very important role: They determine the speed of light. But it seems like these two important concepts are not as precisely defined in the quantum world. Are there rigorous analogs of these two...

Homework Statement The input bits 0 and 1 are represented by 0 volts and 5 volts respectively. The OP-AMP is ideal, but all the resistances and the 5 volts inputs have a tolerance o f ± 10%. The specification (rounded to the nearest multiple of 5%) for the tolerance of the DAC is?? In this...

Homework Statement hello, i need to design analog circuit that has a transfer curve as seen in the following image using resistors, capacitors,voltage, and BJT (with beta value of 100). the parameters are: A=75 f1= 21Hz f2=21 KHz M1=40 M2=-20 the circuit also need to have input resistance of...

Hello everyone :) I came across a strange situation today when I was listening to my music with my headphones on. When I pressed play to a song, the instrumental intro started off fairly normally (although the audio sounded a little "thinner" than usual, as if compressed), and then, when...

Hi Everyone, I am simulating(using HSPICE) HR neuron model using analog computer technique but I am not getting the required response. I am using uA741 model of opamp and MLT04 model of multiplier. I have tested these components individually and they are working fine. I doubt there is something...

I'm working on a little arduino-like project that involves a motion detector with customizable sensitivity. The ambition here is that I could get a PIR sensor wired up that would give an analog-esque output depending on how much motion it detects. I know standard PIR sensors have a...

This task seems to me like it should be rather menial but I can't seem to wrap my head around it. I've already designed a circuit to run an analog clock with components I have already got sitting around my work bench. When it comes to designing the gearing though, I am struggling. My basic...

I'm trying to build a circuit to solve the differential equation x''+2x'+x = f(t), where f(t) is a sine wave with frequency 5Hz and amplitude 0.5V. I am supposed to get a sine/cosine wave (as the diff. eq is just the same as the ove governing spring-mass forced oscillation) as solution, but...

Im trying to pursue a M.S degree on analog IC design and want to know how good is the market for analog IC designers these days in North America and/or Europe. Also, is a M.S enough to do well in this area or should I think about getting a PhD ?

Sir, i need some basic information about analog vs digital signal/information transmission. i have few Questions and and idea to discuss weather its feasible or not. [Q1] can digital data requires same bandwidth as analog data contains as if i convert analog information to digital using DAC and...

I really hope you guys can help me. On the picture below we have 2 signals. Let's call signal X the one that is drawn with a dotted line. The other one we will call signal Y. Now given the 5 options below, where one and only one can be correct, which one would you choose? A) Signal X is...

Hi everyone, I am trying to understand amplifiers better and had one here that I would like to build and test: http://www.ke3ij.com/amp.htm How would this amplifier be classified as? I was thinking class AB, as it has two common emitter gain stages in the beginning which serve as a pre-amp like...

Also can we have an analog signal in alternating current?

NCEES Reference Handbook p.206Hi, My question is: In Fig.2, how can R1 and R2 be parallel? If anything, it should be in series because capacitor in the long run is an open. Thanks ahead.

Homework Statement See picture. The Attempt at a Solution So, based on the two questions I looked at the graph and calculated the corresponding values a) 40 cm b) 200 I checked the solutions which say: a) 40 cm b) 20 cm Is their answer for b) a typo, or am I reading it incorrectly?

Homework Statement A temperature sensor has a full scale output of 0 to 5 volts which corresponds to a temperature range of 0 to 100ºC. If the sensor is interfaced to a 12 bit Analog‐to‐Digital Converter (ADC) with a full‐scale output range of 0 to 10.0 volts, what decimal value will the ADC...

As far as I'm informed time slows down the lower the gravity and the faster we move. Let's say I go out in space with an analog clock and orbit the Earth. When I come back to Earth after, let's say, a week will my analog clock show different time from the clocks on the planet ?

Hello All, I'm working on a design for a board that will allow me to plug in a standard 10x scope probe and then reduce and isolate the signal to go into the input of an ADC in a microcontroller (0-5V range) with a max bandwidth of 100 kHz. I have been shopping around for a while looking at...

"Analog" Memory? Is anyone aware of physical or mathematical reasons why "analog" memory is not possible? That is, a system that takes in a continuous waveform, saves it, and then later releases the same continuous waveform without any sort of sampling or interpolation. I certainly can't...

How is this done. Been reading about sputtering and DC sputtering is extremely simple. However, I'm not very experienced with RF circuitry so understanding exactly how to design that circuit confuses me a bit. Been reading about RF circuits but to generate an RF signal every method I find uses...

Homework Statement Hello PF :smile: i am stuck with a concept of weighted resistor D/A converter. For a 4-bit resistive ladder, VA={V0/R0+V1/(R0/2)+V2/(R0/4)+V3/(R0/8)}/{1/R0+1/(R0/2)+1/(R0/4)+1/(R0/8)} I want to find out how the equation is derived but have no clue. Thanks.

Homework Statement 1. For the pointer position in the diagram, what is the input signal if the range is set at 0.3v? (i was just wondering if my path to the solution is correct) (arrow pointing at 1.75) picture attached The Attempt at a Solution Range / scales maximum = #...

I don't know if analog computers exist or not but if they were to be made, how would they work? I have idea of how digital computers work, how memory, processor etc. work. With analog signals, you can perhaps do basic operations like addition, subtraction using amplifiers but how about...

I would like to take an incoming signal (digital or analog), invert it, and send it to an antenna. What is a simple high-level approach to this?

Hi, I'm trying to build a simple analog voice distortion circuit, without any ICs if it's possible. It can get pretty hard to hunt down a specific IC around here. Anyhow, my idea was to get a mic, a speaker, a few oscillators, analog multipliers and RLC filters to build a real time...

Hi, I have posted this question to "classical physics" forum, but now I think this forum might be more appropriate. I have no idea how to move the thread here, so here is a copy.. The question seems trivial, but I want to check if I miss something. Homework Statement I'm trying to...

Right now I am a computer engineer. I really love digital and want to focus on it because it uses logic. Analog is a bit more complex in that signals are not only 1 or 0, but sampled with many values. Anyways, I took digital logic and design courses, but I am unsure if i should take any...

I'm a programmer who is trying to figure out if there is any possible way to implement a pseudo-quantum cryptography algorithm without quantum computers, or is Bell's Inequality something that is going to get in the way of that goal? Or if I am anywhere in the ballpark. I wouldn't be surprised...

Hi, For any biomedical applications, the sensor output has to be amplified and digitized. For amplification, we use Instrumentation amplifier. But the output of IA has some dc voltage. So, how to suppress the dc voltage. At the same time, all biomedical signals are low frequency signals in...

Hello PF! I've been quite busy on my faculty, doing my academic final work. Anyway I need somebodies expertise which involves analog multiplexers. I am using MPC506 Datasheet http://www.ti.com/lit/gpn/mpc506 I tested it and gives nice result at 5 MHz sine wave, which is more than good for...

The input signal to an analog to digital converter is x(t) = 5.4 cos (134.5πt + 0.1π). The output from the converter is y(n) = 5.4 cos (0.47πn - 0.1π). Compute the sampling frequency (samples per second) of the analog to digital converter. Hint: the continuous-time input signal is...

Homework Statement Show \frac{d}{dt}\langle\bf{L}\rangle = \langle \bf{N} \rangle where \bf{N} = \bf{r}\times(-\nabla V) 2. Homework Equations . \frac{d}{dt}\langle A \rangle = \frac{i}{\hbar} \langle [H, A] \rangle The Attempt at a Solution I get to this point...

I'm trying to interface a pressure sensor (specifically, a Honeywell NSCSANN015PAUNV piezoresistive pressure sensor) with an Arduino Uno analog input, but I'm not having much luck. The output from the pressure sensor is a "ratiometric analog output" with a pin corresponding to V+out and a pin...