Say, I want to design, 220 / 12 V 100VA transformer.
We have
V = 4.4BfNA (V is applied voltage RMS, B is peak flux Density, N is no. of turns, f is frequency, A is core cross section)
so, B = V / (4.4 f NA)
If i use iron core, there is limit to the maximum value of B without excessive...