Curl Definition and 359 Threads

In Classical Electromagnetic Radiation, Heald and Marion take the divergence of Faraday's and Ampere-Maxwell's laws and state: $$-\vec\nabla\cdot\frac{\partial\vec B}{\partial t}=\vec\nabla\cdot\vec\nabla\times\vec E=0$$ If we assume that all the derivatives of B are continuous, we may...

Hello! I have the following vector ##\mathbf{A} = R(-\sin(\omega t)\mathbf{x}+\cos(\omega t)\mathbf{y})##, where ##\mathbf{x}## and ##\mathbf{y}## are orthogonal unit vectors (aslo orthogonal to ##\mathbf{z}##). I want to calculate ##\nabla \times \mathbf{A}##, but I am a bit confused. The curl...

Can someone please explain me the rationale for the terms circled in red on the attached copy of page 400 of "Riley, Hobson, Bence - Mathematical Methods for Physics and Engineering, 3rd edition"? Thank you. Mentor Note: approved - it is only a single book page, so no copyright issue.

If I'm not mistaken, the curl can be expressed like this in index notation: ##(\nabla \times \vec v)^i = \epsilon^{i j k} \nabla_j v_k = \epsilon^{i j k} (\partial_j v_k - \Gamma^m_{j k} v_m) = \epsilon^{i j k} \partial_j v_k ## (where the last equality is because ##\epsilon^{i j...

Are the following two equations expressing the gradient and curl of a second-rank tensor correct? $$ \nabla R_{ij} = \frac{\partial R_{ij}}{\partial x_k} $$ $$ \nabla \times R_{ij} = \epsilon_{ijk} \frac{\partial R_{ij}}{\partial x_k} $$ If so, then the two expressions only differ by the...

So, curl of curl of a vector field is, $$\nabla \times (\nabla \times \mathbf{A}) = \nabla (\nabla \cdot \mathbf{A}) - \nabla^2 \mathbf{A}$$ Now, curl means how much a vector field rotates counterclockwise. Then, curl of curl should mean how much the curl rotate counterclockwise. The laplacian...

Been long since i studied this area...time to go back. ##F = x \cos xi -e^y j+xyz k## For divergence i have, ##∇⋅F = (\cos x -x\sin x)i -e^y j +xy k## and for curl, ##∇× F = \left(\dfrac{∂}{∂y}(xyz)-\dfrac{∂}{∂z}(-e^y)\right) i -\left(\dfrac{∂}{∂x}(xyz)-\dfrac{∂}{∂z}(x \cos...

A question in advance: How do I format equations correctly? Let's say $$\mathbf{k}\cdot\nabla\times(a\cdot\mathbf{w}\frac{\partial\,\mathbf{v}}{\partial\,z})$$ - a is a scalar Can I rewrite the expression such that...

I am working with some data which represents the fluid position and velocity for each point of measurement as an x, y, u, and v matrix (from particle image velocimetry). I have done things like circulation, and discretizing the line integral involved was no problem. I am stuck when trying to...

Hi there! Please refer to the picture below. I would like to understand the equation Curl(H) = J, where H is the magnetic field intensity and J is the current density. So, I inspect a simple problem. There is a wire carrying current I in the z-axis direction. a_r, a_phi, and a_z are the unit...

I am recently reading "Introduction to Electrodynamics, Forth Edition, David J. Griffiths " and have a problem with the derive of the curl of a magnetic field from Biot-Savart law. The images of pages (p.232~p233) are in the following: The second term in 5.55(page 233) is 0. I had known...

I've tried writing the curl A (in spherical coord.) and equating the components, but I end up with something that is beyond me: \begin{equation} {\displaystyle {\begin{aligned}{B_r = \dfrac{1}{4 \pi} \dfrac{-3}{r^4} ( 3\cos^2{\theta} - 1) =\frac {1}{r\sin \theta }}\left({\frac {\partial...

In string theory, the universe can have 9-10 spatial dimensions and the reason why we experience 3 is because those higher dimensions compactify. Under right conditions the extra dimensions can decompactify into the macroscopic dimensions we see. Why do some dimensions curl up or expand? Is...

I calculate that \mbox{curl}(\vec{e}_{\varphi})=\frac{1}{\rho}\vec{e}_z, where ##\vec{e}_{\rho}##, ##\vec{e}_{\varphi}##, ##\vec{e}_z## are unit vectors of cylindrical coordinate system. Is there any method to spot immediately that ##\mbox{curl}(\vec{e}_{\varphi}) \neq 0 ## without employing...

The curl is defined using Cartersian coordinates as \begin{equation} \nabla\times A = \begin{vmatrix} \hat{x} & \hat{y} & \hat{z} \\ \frac{\partial}{\partial x} & \frac{\partial}{\partial y} & \frac{\partial}{\partial z} \\ A_x & A_y & A_z \end{vmatrix}. \end{equation} However, what are the...

Consider the following \begin{equation} \nabla\phi=\nabla\times \vec{A}. \end{equation} Is it possible to find ##\vec{A}## from the above equation and if so, how does one go about doing so? [Moderator's note: moved from a homework forum.]

By definition of the vector potential we may write \nabla \times A =B at least in flat space. Does this relation hold in curved space? I am particularly interested if we can still write this in a spatially flat Friedmann-Robertson-Walker background with metric ds^2=dt^2-a^2(dx^2+dy^2+dz^2) and...

These are the vector fields. I really have no idea how to see if there is a curl or not. I have been looking at the rotation of the vector fields. The fields d and e seem to have some rotation or circular paths, but I read online that curl is not about the rotation of the vector field itself...

Why curl(\vec{e}_{\varphi}) is not zero vector? And how to calculate this. Vector ##\vec{e}_{\varphi}## is unit vector in cylindrical coordinates.

##F = (P,Q,R)## is a field of vector C1 defined on ##V = R3-{0,0,0}## There are a lot of true or false statement here. I am a little skeptical about my answer because it contains a lot of F, but let's go. 1 Rot of F is null in V iff ##\int \int_{S} P dx + Q dy + R dz = 0## for all sphere S...

This is not homework. I'm studying fluid mechanics/dynamics in the heart/blood vessels and I just want to understand this, so I can have a better appreciation for it's clinical relevance. I'm more of biology/biochem type of person so this has been a bit of challenge. I have basic physics course...

That is how I understand curl: If I have a vane at some point ##(x,y)## of a vector field, then that vane will experience some angular velocities in points 1 ##(x+dx,y)##, 2 ##(x,y+dy)##, 3 ##(x-dx,y)##, 4 ##(x,y-dy)##. Adding those angular velocities gives me the resulting angular speed of...

I am reading the text 'Innovations in Maxwell's Electromagnetic Theory'. on page 44 there is a discussion on Ampere's circuital law . The passage is below. I don't understand the final statement. "In general represent a kind of relationship that obtains between certain pairs of phenomena , of...

I have a vector in cylindrical Coordinates: $$\vec{V} = \left < 0 ,V_{\theta},0 \right> $$ where ##V_\theta = V(r,t)##. The Del operator in ##\{r,\theta,z\}$ is: $\vec{\nabla} = \left< \frac{\partial}{\partial r}, \frac{1}{r}\frac{\partial}{\partial \theta}, \frac{\partial}{\partial z}...

$$\nabla \times B(r)=\frac{\mu _0}{4\pi} \int \nabla \times J(r') \times \frac{ (r-r')}{|r-r|^3}dV'$$ using the vector identity: $$\nabla \times (A \times B) = (B \cdot \nabla)A - B(\nabla \cdot A) - (A \cdot \nabla )B + A(\nabla \cdot B)$$ ##A=J## and ##B=\frac{r-r'}{|r-r'|^3}## since...

I am trying to derive that $$\nabla \times B=\mu_0 J$$ First the derivation starts with the electric field $$dS=rsin\varphi d\theta r d\varphi $$ $$ \iint\limits_S E \cdot dS = \frac{q}{4 \pi \varepsilon_0} \iint\limits_S \frac{r}{|r|^3} \cdot dS $$...

Divergence & curl are written as the dot/cross product of a gradient. If we take the dot product or cross product of a gradient, we have to multiply a function by a partial derivative operator. is multiplication by a partial derivative operator allowed? Or is this just an abuse of notation

This is from my E&M textbook. I'm doing a problem where I need to take the Curl in spherical coordinates but I'm getting the wrong answer. I tried applying the matrix, but it doesn't seem like it make sense with the expansion that they show in the textbook (screenshot below). If I apply the...

For divergence: We learned to draw a circle at different locations and to see if gas is expanding/contracting. Whenever the y-coordinate is positive, the gas seems to be expanding, and it's contracting when negative. I find it hard to tell if the gas is expanding or contracting as I go to the...

My solution is making an analogy of the ##\text{Relevant equations}## as shown above, starting from the equation ##\vec \omega = \frac{1}{2} \vec \nabla \times \vec v##. We have ##\vec B = \vec \nabla \times \vec A = \frac{1}{2} \vec \nabla \times 2\vec A \Rightarrow 2\vec A = \vec B \times...

In this image of Introduction to Electrodynamics by Griffiths . we have calculated the vector potential as ##\mathbf A = \frac{\mu_0 ~n~I}{2}s \hat{\phi}##. I tried taking its curl but didn't get ##\mathbf B = \mu_0~n~I \hat{z}##. In this thread, I have calculated it like this ...

I have a vector field which is originallly written as $$ \mathbf A = \frac{\mu_0~n~I~r}{2} ~\hat \phi$$ and I translated it like this $$\mathbf A = 0 ~\hat{r},~~ \frac{\mu_0 ~n~I~r}{2} ~\hat{\phi} , ~~0 ~\hat{\theta}$$(##r## is the distance from origin, ##\phi## is azimuthal angle and ##\theta##...

The moving magnet and conductor problem is an intriguing early 20th century electromagnetics scenario famously cited by Einstein in his seminal 1905 special relativity paper. In the magnet's frame, there's the vector field (v × B), the velocity of the ring conductor crossed with the B-field of...

If we assume ##\nabla \times \vec{H} = \vec{0}## (again I have no idea why this would be true) $$\vec{0} = \sigma \vec{E} + \epsilon \frac{\partial \vec{E}}{\partial t}$$ $$\vec{0} = \sigma \vec{E} + \epsilon Nq\frac{\partial \vec{V}}{\partial t}$$ $$-\sigma \vec{E} = \epsilon...

I'm reading div grad curl for my math methods class, and I came across this question: "Using arrows of the proper magnitude and direction, sketch each of the following vector functions: (a) iy + jx, (b) (i + j)/√2 I don't understand the notation. Why is there an y and x next to the i and j in...

Starting with LHS: êi εijk Aj (∇xA)k êi εijk εlmk Aj (d/dxl) Am (δil δjm - δim δjl) Aj (d/dxl) Am êi δil δjm Aj (d/dxl) Am êi - δim δjl Aj (d/dxl) Am êi Aj (d/dxi) Aj êi - Aj (d/dxj) Ai êi At this point, the LHS should equal the RHS in the problem statement, but I have no clue where...

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Attempt: $$\nabla \times ( a\nabla b) = \epsilon_{ijk}\frac{\partial}{\partial x_j}(a\frac{\partial b}{\partial x_k})\hat e_i$$ $$ = \epsilon_{ijk}\big(\frac{\partial a}{\partial x_j}\frac{\partial b}{\partial x_k}+a\frac{\partial b}{\partial x_j\partial x_k}\big)\hat e_i$$ $$= \nabla a \times...

In Griffith's "Introduction to Electrodynamics" says that in a bar electret the curl of the polarization does not equal zero everywhere. Why is that ? Thanks in advance

I know that in statics curl of P=curl of D, since the variation of B in time = 0, and I also know that for linear mediums those curls are 0, but I don't know why, and I don't know if there is any expresion always valid. I would like to know where this curl comes from like I know where the curl...

We have the retarded magnetic vector potential ##\mathbf{A}(\mathbf{r},t) = \dfrac{\mu_0}{4\pi} \int \dfrac{\mathbf{J}(\mathbf{r}',t_r)}{|\mathbf{r}-\mathbf{r}'|} \mathrm{d}^3 \mathbf{r}'## And its curl ##\mathbf{B}(\mathbf{r}, t) = \frac{\mu_0}{4 \pi} \int \left[\frac{\mathbf{J}(\mathbf{r}'...

If the curl of a vector is 0 e,g ##\vec \nabla×\vec A=0## the vector A is said to be irrotational,can anyone please tell how rotation is involved with ##curl## of a vector??

So I was able to do out the curl in the i and j direction and got 3xz/r5 and 3yz/r5 as expected. However, when I do out the last curl, I do not get 3z2-3r2. I get the following \frac{\partial}{\partial x} \frac{x}{(x^2+y^2+z^2)^\frac{3}{2}} = \frac{-2x^2+y^2+z^2}{(x^2+y^2+z^2)^\frac{5}{2}}...

So, let me derive the curl in the cylindrical coordinate system so I can showcase what I get. Let ##x=p\cos\phi##, ##y=p\sin\phi## and ##z=z##. This gives us a line element of ##ds^2 = {dp}^2+p^2{d\phi}^2+{dz}^2## Given that this is an orthogonal coordinate system, our gradient is then ##\nabla...

The first page of this short pdf from MIT sums the starting point to formulate my question: https://ocw.mit.edu/courses/physics/8-022-physics-ii-electricity-and-magnetism-fall-2006/lecture-notes/lecture29.pdf We can see that ∇xH = Jfree and ∇xB =μo (Jfree +∇xM) ∇xB =μo (Jfree +JB) And now my...

In my EM class, this vector identity for the angular momentum operator (without the ##i##) was stated without proof. Is there anywhere I can look to to actually find a good example/proof on how this works? This is in spherical coordinates, and I can't seem to find this vector identity anywhere...

Hey! :o I want to show that $\nabla\times (f\nabla g)=\nabla f\times \nabla g$. We have that $f\nabla g=f\sum\frac{\partial g}{\partial x_i}\hat{x}_i$, therefore we get \begin{align*}&\nabla\times (f\nabla g)=\nabla\times \left (f\sum\frac{\partial g}{\partial x_i}\hat{x}_i \right )\\ &...

Why the curl of a conservative force field is zero everywhere?

Homework Statement The velocity of a solid object rotating about an axis is a field \bar{v} (x,y,z) Show that \bar{\bigtriangledown }\times \bar{v} = 2\,\bar{\omega }, where \bar{\omega } is the angular velocity. Homework Equations 3. The Attempt at a Solution [/B] I tried to use the...

I am asking this because ∇ is also considered as a vector in some cases. Considering it as a vector in this case ,too, ( ∇× E).E = (- ∂ B/∂t).E = - ∂ (B.E)/∂t =0 Since B and E could be arbitrarily dependent on t, B.E = 0 where B and E are magnetic and electric fields respectively. This...