Cycle Definition and 617 Threads

My Problem: Given a Graph G = (V,E), where the number of vertices is less than or equal to the number of edges, use induction to prove that the graph contains at least one cycle (the graph is not required to be completely connected). My attempt: For my base case, I used only one vertex with one...

Let's say I have a group of X's characters that I want to cut down. I use a tool similar to 'find-and-replace-all', which takes an amount of X's each time, deletes them, and replaces them with another, smaller amount. For example, I can state that I want an amount of 8 X's to be replaced with 5...

Heat is taken from food in the refrigerated space to the evaporator which has evaporated (I am assuming saturated vapor) refrigerant flowing through it. My first stumble would be, if this is true, why doesn't the temperature increase for the fluid coming out of the evaporator (unless it is...

Relevant Equations: Specific Work Done: w = \frac{p_2 v_2 - p_1 v_1}{1-\gamma} (1) w = \frac{R}{1-\gamma} \times (T_2 - T_1) (2) Thermal efficiency: \eta _{th} = 1- \frac{1}{r_p ^ {\frac{\gamma - 1}{\gamma}}} = \frac{w_{out} - w_{in}}{q_{in}} = \frac{q_{out} - q_{in}}{q_{in}} (3) Context...

WT, the work done by the turbines, as the difference in enthalpy from point 2 to point 3 WP, the work done by the pumps as the difference in enthalpy from point 4 to point 5 Q as the difference in enthalpy from point 3 to point 4 Taking these I get h5 = -252.3kJ/kg. However, my work ratio is...

Attempt: a) Leg 4 and Leg 1 W=P_0(V_1-V_0)+P_1(V_0-V_1) b) Leg 4: Q= C_v*ΔT=C_v*ΔP*V_0/nR = 3/2*(V_0*P_0-V_0*P_1) Leg 1: Q=C_p*ΔT=C_p*P_0*ΔV/nR = 5/2*(P_0*V_1-P_0*V_0) Q=3/2*(V_0*P_0-V_0*P_1)+ 5/2*(P_0*V_1-P_0*V_0) c) W/Q = [P_0(V_1-V_0)+P_1(V_0-V_1)] / [3/2*(V_0*P_0-V_0*P_1)+...

Homework Statement Homework EquationsThe Attempt at a Solution Since we want the fluid to be in liquid state before entering a boiler, and super-heated water can only reach 374°C before entering super-critical state, suppose after the expansion, the temperature at point 3 is still higher than...

I just read about Carnot theorem (the highest efficiency is the one of reversible machines and all reversible machines working between two given temperatures have the same efficiency). Then I found a problem where I have a reversible cycle made of an isochoric, adiabatic and isotherm. I report...

Homework Statement Calculate thermal efficiency of R-C cycle with saturated steam as shown in the picture. Steam has 4,5MPa when entering into HP part of the turbine (VT in the picture) and expansion on HP is finished at 0,3MPa. Moisture is then removed in the separator and steam is overheated...

Hi there! I'm teaching about rain shadows to 6th graders, and I've reached a barrier in my content knowledge. For the water cycle to work, warm, wet air near Earth's surface has to rise. In general, warm air is less dense than cold. However, due to air pressure, air near Earth's surface is...

Homework Statement how to know the maximum and minimum temperature for cycle in. Carnot thermal efficiency 60% heat transfer during isothermal expansion 40kj pressure is 5.6bar and volume is 0.3m^3 Homework Equations One kilogram of air as an ideal gas executes a Carnot power cycle having a...

I am unsure about the underlined parts of the cardiac cycle. I was taught that the cardiac cycle started when the blood flowed into the atrium, but wouldn't there be a period when both artia and ventricles are at diastole simultaneously? For the second underlined part I was taught and read that...

Homework Statement How to calculate the specific work done. Homework Equations Water vapor initially at 10 bar and 400 °C is contained within a piston-cylinder assembly. The water is cooled at constant volume until its temperature is 150 °C. The water is then condensed isothermally to saturated...

Hi, I have some doubts and questions about the above thermodynamic cycles. These questions arise from some statements I find in a couple of textbooks: "Physics, 10th edition" by Cutnell et al [A], and the other is "Fundamentals of Physics" by Halliday and Resnick . Actually, I have the versions...

greeting all Over the last 2 weeks I have noted the first sunspots of the new solar cycle 25. How do I know they are spots of the new cycle ? Because they are higher latitude and opposite magnetic polarity. Before I show an image, a little history and science. Over the many observed solar...

Homework Statement Homework Equations [/B][/B] 3. The Attempt at a Solution Here's my solution attempt: NOTE: Evolution 2 to 3 is really an isothermic process, but in the diagram shows as an politropic process. 4. Further Questions But it isn't giving me logical values of COP...

$\tiny{412.5.9}$ this is under the section on Permutation Groups What cycle is $(a_1a_2\dots a_n)^{-1}$ ok thot there would be and east theorem on this but can't find

Homework Statement n moles of gas, that follow van der Waals equation are to be employed as the auxiliary system in a circular cycle(parameterized using T_h and T_c as shown on the TS diagram. Calculate the efficiency of the cycle. Homework Equations , , Q = TdS The Attempt at a Solution...

Hi, We know that a heat engine working on a Carnot Cycle the efficiency is: 1 - QL/QH = 1 - TL/TH where T is in Kelvin. But if we use a different absolute temperature scale whose values at TH and TL are different, then the value of efficiency also changes. I am confused about this issue...

In case of Otto cycle we consider that heat is immediately added to air fuel mixture(i.e constant volume heat addition) but in case of diesel cycle we consider heat addition at constant pressure and we also talk of cutoff ratios.why so??

im thinking of a stirling cycle but if otherwise then please tell as soon as possible

Homework Statement Prove that if ##\sigma## is the m-cycle ##(a_1 ~a_2~ \dots ~ a_m)##, then for all ##i \in \{1,2, \dots , m \}##, ##\sigma^i (a_k) = a_{k+i}##. Deduce that ##\sigma^m (a_k) = a_k## Homework EquationsThe Attempt at a Solution I will try to do this by induction. Clearly...

I have my first question. It's about entropy in the Carnot cycle and I'll try to be direct. The equal sign in the Carnot cycle efficiency equation is related to the fact that the total entropy doesn't change at the end of the whole cycle (being related to the fact that the heat exchanges occur...

I have to calculate the efficiency of the above cycle for an ideal gas, that goes at the order a-b-c-a: I know that the answer is 16/97 but I can't calculate the heat in the a-b stage.

Hello, Can anyone tell me please the P,V,h, etc, ie all parameters for an ideal refrigeration cycle? I am not sure which points of the cycle have same pressure, temperature, etc. Thanks!

Hello The Carnot cycle has 4 stages. 1. Isothermal relaxation. The gas provides mechanical energy to the piston and receives heat. 2. Adiabatic relaxation. The gas provides mechanical energy to the piston and cools. 3. Isothermal compression. The gas receives mechanical energy from the piston...

Can you provide me any source from where I can learn about the overall second law efficiency calculation of a simple Rankine cycle?

Homework Statement I need to design a pressure test that, in one cycle, will simulate the 8000 cycles that a given pressure vessel will undergo. I know the dimensions and material of the vessel, the number of pressure cycles it will undergo, and the max and min working pressures. Homework...

Setting up a test stand that will need a controller to cycles a device ON and OFF at an adjustable time interval (allows me to make the ON duration and OFF duration whatever I want). It will also need to keep a count, so I can track the cycles count and also set a limit on cycles so it will stop...

Hello everyone! I have my first question in physics forum... When I read some reports I found those terms that can not be understood... 'BOC', 'EOC', 'BOEC', 'EOEC'... BOC and EOC are used frequently and I know those terms shortly but not exactly... but I can understand boec and eoec and...

Hello I have a point that I don't understand. In open steady flow systems, we use SFEE, where there's a term W in addition to a term PV, which are different things. When we analyse a cycle like Rankine, we always consider either W or PV, but not both. I also think that W=PdV always. Why that...

<<Moved from another forum, thus no template filled out.>> I am having some trouble trying to relate a question given in my distance learning lessons to the equivelent question in my assignment. The assignement question is: 1(a) Superheated steam at a pressure of 40 bar and a temperature of...

Homework Statement λ = 3m T = .5 s k= 2π/λ = 2.09 radians/m ω= 2π/T = 12.56 = radians/sec v = ω/k = 6m/sec At π radians with sin wave x = 3m At 5π radians/6, x = 2.48 m t = 2.48m/6m/sec = .41 sec What is y at x,t At t0 x = t = 0 [/B]Homework Equations y = Asin(kx-ωt)[/B]The Attempt at a...

Homework Statement calculate enthalpy of formation for lithium fluoride... LiF Homework Equations Given from the worksheet is: Lithium sublimation = 129 kj/mol Lithium first ionization = 520 kj/mol bond-dissociation energy of fluorine is 159 kj/mol F2 electron affinity for fluorine is -328...

Homework Statement The temperature of a 12-oz (0.354-L) can of soft drink is reduced from 20 to 5 ºC by a refrigeration cycle. The cycle receives energy by heat transfer from the soft drink and discharges energy by heat transfer at 20 ºC to the surroundings. There are no other heat transfers...

Homework Statement In the following problems let ##\alpha## be a cycle of length ##s##, and say ##\alpha = (a_1a_2 . . . a_s)##. 5) If ##s## is odd, ##\alpha## is the square of some cycle of length s. (Find it. Hint: Show ##\alpha = \alpha^{s+1}##) Homework EquationsThe Attempt at a Solution...

My question comes from a moment when I was riding my bike. I had a flat tire. My question then was how fast do i need to cycle so that i don't ride on my rim's anymore. I tride calculating this with the force that i put on the tire (15kg+70kg= mass of the bike and I)*g= 833,85 N that devided by...

Homework Statement [/B] A four-stroke petrol engine with a compression ratio of 9 has a total swept volume of 2.71 litres distributed over 4 cylinders. Assume the corresponding ideal thermodynamic cycle and the following conditions to calculate the maximum amount of fuel which can be safely...

Homework Statement Question: https://imgur.com/a/8rUw1 Graph: https://imgur.com/a/Z1oBO Homework Equations Answer for Q1 (Just the formula) : https://imgur.com/a/uesqN The Attempt at a Solution I have realized that from 1-2, there is an increase in pressure, decrease in volume and increase...

Homework Statement In each cycle, the heat given to the system from the reservoir is dQ##_i##. So, why is the total work given by summing ##dQ_i ## over the cycle,why not only ##dQ_i##? Homework EquationsThe Attempt at a Solution

Homework Statement Homework EquationsThe Attempt at a Solution a. ##{ P }_{ avg }=\frac { 1 }{ 2 } \mu v{ \omega }^{ 2 }{ A }^{ 2 }=\frac { 1 }{ 2 } 0.075\frac { 10 }{ 3 } { 0.35 }^{ 2 }{ (10\pi ) }^{ 2 }=15.1W## b. Not sure how to calculate that... I'm guessing it'd be some integral over 1...

Homework Statement [/B] 1. Using the Schematic of a 555 in astable mode from the Wikipedia entry on '555 Timer IC," resistor R1 = 8 kOhms and capacitor C = 3 micro-Farads. Determine the value of R2 so that the output duty cycle is D = 0.7. Note that D is not expressed as a percentage here for...

Hello fellow science enthusiasts! I have a question about second cycle studies. I'm in my last year of high school and I wish to study applied physics. However, my choice of university doesn't offer a programme in applied physics. For a first cycle I can pick Physics, Astronomy or Physics Ed...

Standard disclaimer: I know next to nothing about electronics (which doesn't stop me from having fun :wink: ) I have a buzzer here that I am trying to run from an 555 based oscillator. I need around 2700 Hz and 50% duty cycle, and it would be best to run whole thing from 5V. 50% duty cycle is...

2. PV^y = const, y=Cp/Cv, PV=nRT, 3. I've drawn the cycle for part a) of the question, but I'm not sure how to do part b). I know I need to relate Vm and 4Vo using the PV^y = constant relation but I'm stuck as to how to do it.

Homework Statement As shown in Fig. P5.39, a system undergoing a power cycle develops a net power output of 1 MW while receiving energy by heat transfer from steam condensing from saturated vapor to saturated liquid at a pressure of 100 kPa. Energy is discharged from the cycle by heat transfer...

Homework Statement Superheated steam at a pressure of 40 bar and a temperature of 500°C is supplied to the turbine of a Rankine cycle. If the condenser pressure is 0.03 bar. Find the thermal efficiency of the cycle. (Neglect feed pump work). I used steam tables found...

Instead of an electric motor, can it be substituted with an hydraulic force / power amplifying system instead? If yes, how would it work? Could chains still be used? Instead of an electric motor powering the hydraulic system, could the rider power the hydraulic system through force / power...

Hey guys, I ran into this paper talking about the Maximum power you can obtain from a Carnot cycle: http://aapt.scitation.org/doi/abs/10.1119/1.10023 From what I understood, there are two extremes. To achieve maximum efficiency you have to make sure that the temperature of the system is never...

In Carnot cycle during the process - "Reversible isothermal heat addition" Q (supplied) = ∫pdV This means that the supplied heat is utilized for pdV work. My doubt is if the Q supplied is converted to work in this process then how Carnot cycle can reject heat during the upcoming isothermal...