Optics Definition and 999 Threads

Hello, I'm having some difficulties in getting my head around the relationship between pixel size and lines/mm or line pairs/mm. My thinking is the following: I'm assuming we have a sensor with square pixels of side length p (given in mm) and we have a line pattern, so a pattern with white and...

I have researched some topics, but I am not sure what to do. The topics that I found are: Topic: The Role of Mirrors in Space Telescopes Research Question: How do the shape and coating of mirrors affect their focal properties and light reflection efficiency? Topic: The efficiency of optical...

##\frac{1}{v}−\frac{1}{u}=\frac{1}{f}## For objective lens of focal length 1 cm ##\frac{1}{v}+\frac{1}{u}=1## ##\frac{1}{v}=\frac{u−1}{u}## ##v=\frac{u}{u−1}## Distance from eyepiece = 20-v=u' u′=##\frac{19u−20}{u-1}## Magnification=(Angle subtended at eye by final image)/ (Angle subtended at...

I am attempting a proof-of-concept demonstration of so-called "moon bounce" or Earth-Moon-Earth (EME) communications at optical frequencies. Hams are allowed to use ANY frequency greater than 275 GHz, with ANY modulation, and the usual 1500 watt power transmission maximum. I will try to use a...

The ray that is reflected at the air-soap interface has an optical path length of ##lambda_{soap}/2##, while the one refracted in the soap has an optical path length of ##2 n_{soap} d+\frac{lambda_{glass}}{2}## due to its traversing the soap film and also reflecting on the soap-glass interface...

propose and perform novel optical experiments, especially double slit experiments

hello! I am trying to make a device that will improve reproduction rates in certain microorganisms that I am studying. They reproduce fastest under shorter wavelengths, specifically best at blue light. Any ideas for devices or materials that could help out would be appreciated! An idea I had was...

Let me explain the situation: I have an experimental setup consisting mainly of a Michelson interferometer, so I want to use it to measure the coherence length for two different situations, when the beam is focused on a mirror and when it is focused on a sample. Therefore, before analyzing the...

I think this is a simple request but I’ve never been very good at optics and need help. I have a ccd video camera with a fixed lens. Images are in focus from about 20 cm to infinity. It has an angular fov of 60 degrees. Can someone explain how to add external lens(es) to magnify a plane image 4...

Hello : I am reviewing few of my physics courses and wandering if I want to buy a laser beam spliter what criteria I show also take into account other than narrative index What company do you recommend to buy this component and other components from Best regards H

Must admit I'm here just to beg some advice on optics, but I hope it won't be seen as too much of a liberty!

I was reading Optics by Hecht where he states that the law of reflection is only valid statistically and some photons might reach the observation point (P in image, S being the source) by following different paths, that is, the paths for which the angle of reflection is not equal to the angle of...

I'm not really sure what to do, clearly I need to get an equation of motion for the box and then solve for the final momentum. I can solve for the rate at which photons hit the box by dividing the power, P, by the energy of photon which would be ##\frac{P \lambda}{hc}## so multiplying this by...

The main question is contained below in the experiment #6. But first, 5 simple experiments are described to describe the designations that are used in the question of the experiment #6. In the double-slit experiment, the slits are labeled α and β. A region C is designated on the screen. The...

Hello! In my summer lab, me and my labmates are trying to generate entangled photon pairs using a spontaneous parametric down-conversion (SPDC) entanglement source with BBO crystals. We're using a 405 nm diode laser from Matchbox with model number 405L-21A. Our setup is as follows: we shine the...

I have prepared chiral circularly polarized luminescent materials based on liquid crystal. The luminescence asymmetry factor(g lum) measured by the circular polarization spectrometer is in the order of 10^-1. However, the difference in light intensity cannot be viewed by the naked eyes under the...

Can someone tell me about the characteristic of LASER that enables it from the following usage: 1-holography 2-orienting missiles 3-star wars 4-CD and DVD 5-medical surgery 6- telecommunications and fiber optics 7-LASER printer 8-cutting metals

For the first part, I got correct: M = (lambda*f)/r_n Converting units to meters (m) then plugging them in: (550x10^-9 m) * (0.67 m)/(0.0125 m) = 2.948x10^-5 or 29.48x10^-6 m or 29.48 nm This checked out. For the second part, using the information from the first part: f = r^2/(n*lambda) =...

If the distance between the input and the output screen d is large enough, then for a plane wave (with some spatial frequencies vx and vy) at the input, the spot at the output will be a point. But if the plane wave is confined (aperature size b in the picture), it's no longer a plane wave... but...

I got this from chatgpt: It says "not simple and straightforward", but can we assume proportional ? So is there a visible alteration in Snell angle ? Also, for applied physics databases, what would be a pubmed equivalent, hosting all titles and synopses ? In physics the articles seem to be...

I have a bluetooth Logitech M557 mouse with invisible led (it's written "invisible optics underneath) that I had for 5 years and I could use on any surface most often on a pure white bond paper. It can move smoothly. My only problem at present is the buttons are not so stable now due to dusts...

In my electrodynamcis assignment I'm being asked to derive the wavelength of the normally polarised wave transmitted through a glass/air interface as a function of ##n_1## (the refractive index of the first medium) using the concept of phase continuity and the fact that maxima should be equal at...

There are many rudimentary diagrams and 'pop'-explanations of the physics underlying the apparatus used to read optical disks. I am looking for more concrete resources - experimental design data or in-depth theoretical analysis of the pickup head. Thanks! Edit: Sorin's The CD-ROM Drive is...

Answer from the book: We need to draw two diagrams, one assuming the photo on p. 644 is right side up, and another assuming it is upside down. Figure 23–9 is drawn assuming the photo is upside down. In this case, the Sun blocked by the tree would be the direct view, and the full view of the Sun...

Ok for the interferometer let the arm lengths be ##L##, speed of light relative to the aether be ##c## and the speed of the setup relative to the aether be ##v##. By calculation you can show that the distance between the two 'heads' of the beams of light is ##\frac{v^2L}{c^2}##, and using the...

This is the solution but I do not understand??? How could they just assume the object distance equals 2f? No magnification is given here. We know the candle produces a real image and the distance is limited, so that means it must be somewhere between the principal focus, the center of curvature...

Hi, I'm trying to come up with a section of an optics based physics lab designed for 2nd year Calc-based college students. Calc 2 is a co-req. There are 2 labs that are intimately linked together. The first effectively revolves around taking ##d_i(d_o)## data from a lens, source and screen...

Goodmorning, I'm designing an unfolded Czerny-Turner spectrometer like the one in picture I'm trying to use toroidal mirrors to decrease off axis astigmatism. In my first try i made an optimal off-axis collimator (Mirror 1), a mirror that has a good collimation in both the planes: the plane...

So, what I do not understand 1st and foremost is, when they say "see the film", does the light have to be reflected from the film or can I consider refraction of light through thin film also a case using which image can be formed? To be honest, I have solved this question before, but the problem...

I got this out of an old chemistry lab I cleaned out to use for experiments when I was in college in 1983. I kept it but never knew what it was for. Neat antique box specifically designed for this device. Some optic device with a pivoting mirror. Almost looks like it would be for a laser table...

I have looked through all the sources to ever exist for Pfund's method, yet I cannot understand why in the situation of having water on the Petri Dish, is there a 2nd black ring after the second white illumination (first in the center from the laser i assume?). What stops the second white...

My major is optics，I love Physics， and my research mainly focuses on the interaction between plasmon and exciton

I am looking for a specific type of integrating sphere that can be used to capture diffuse reflectance measurements, and I would appreciate help with locating a commercially availably version of this sphere. The diagram below illustrates the type of sphere I am looking for [1]. Two ports are...

Could a miniature wavelength selectable light source (lamp + monochromator) be created by using a broad spectrum led or tiny xenon/deuterium lamp as a light source combined with a small diffraction grating (and other necessary optics like mirrors, lenses)? Thinking of an application in spectrometry.

Some time ago, I drew a simple drawing. But now I can't remember how I drew it. Did I use a software or a website? I remember I could choose some optics components, like the small laser in the image, the mirror mount, etc. It can do basic light tracing. It was free.

We know the wave function: $$ \frac {\partial^2\psi}{\partial t^2}=\frac {\partial^2\psi}{\partial x^2}v^2,$$ where the function ##\psi(x,t)=A\ e^{i(kx-\omega t)}## satisfies the wave function and is used to describe plane waves, which can be written as: $$ \psi(x,t)=A\ [\cos(kx-\omega...

I am designing an experiment to measure the reflectance (diffuse+specular) of insect specimens, and I plan to use an integrating sphere to collect the measurements. Typically, I have seen that reflectance measurements with integrating spheres are done with planar (i.e. flat) sample objects. So...

During the night, I was traveling by local bus. And as I viewed through the window, the light from the street lights and the headlights of other vehicles appeared curved, as shown in the images below: One common answer is: because of refraction Is there any more explanation for this behavior?

I want to build a motion detection system, however I want to narrow field of view. I cannot find a Fresnel lens with a narrower FOV than 30 degrees. Was looking for something around 20 degrees. Can I use an aspheric lens to achieve this, does anyone know?

Hello, First of all, I'd like to thank everyone who takes their time to read through my post and make a response, I really appreciate your help that is given for free. Background. I’m a Physics student in his last year, my expected graduation date is June 2024. I study at one of the best...

I'd like to model the evolution of a squeezed state and its properties (such as phase at different spatiotemporal coordinates). I know one can represent them using kernel functions (and I have found a paper that gives a kernel function for a squeezed state: https://arxiv.org/pdf/2105.05990.pdf)...

I set about trying to use HiPER Calc Pro on my phone to solve the integral for the Bessel function of the first kind and of order one, so that I could get the ordinate value for the first root of the function to 99 significant figures, then divide that by π to 99 significant figures, in order to...

How does one determine which direction a sagnac interferometer is turning in a fiber optic gyro? ("FOG") I have been reading about them and found some DIY examples where the output is taken using a photo-diode. Now my understanding is that these photo-diodes are simply measuring intensity but...

My question emerges from my desire to calculate the optical depth, which should be unitless, for an inhomgeneous cloud of radius ##r##. For a homogeneous medium, the optical depth can be defined in terms of the density of a cloud relative to the density of the condensed medium: $$\tau = \alpha...

After I finished preparing gas chamber for testing optical fiber as gas sensor, my supervisor asked me to measure the difference of refractive index from several optical fiber with different coatings. I knew there is Evanescent Field and Skin Depth effect, but what kind of mathematical formula...

I would like to model squeezed light and its evolution (such as when passing through lenses after being generated) using optics software such as OptiFDTD or ZEMAX. However, I don’t see any way to make such states…my plan was to simulate an Optical Parametric Amplifier to generate these states...

For this problem, Distance from objective to object ##𝑑𝑂 = 10.6cm## Distance between the objective and eyepiece ##𝐷 = 34cm## For (b) I got ##d_I = 26 cm## and ##M_1 = -2.4## which means that firsts image is inverted and real For (c) I got ##dI' = 35 cm## and ##M_2 = -1.3##. However, I...

Hi. I’m trying to solve an optics problem and really struggling. The problem is best described as follows… Imagine you have a section of a wall that you want to look like a window on a spaceship. So you want to look at this “window” and see through it some “stars” (i.e. pinpoints of light) that...

i have some questions about decay rate. 1：why do we need decay rate in these equations? 2：is it a constant for a specific medium? 3：it can be changed with respect to some conditions like temprature or pressure? 4：how can i know the decay rate of some energy levels in 85Rubidium

I am interested in experimenting with AR lenses and one of the main technologies is a waveguide. They rely on total internal reflection, which needs light to go from a higher to lower refractive index medium. I am reading that current AR lenses use an outer layer with a lower refractive index to...