Partial differential equations Definition and 144 Threads

I am new to partial differential equations and today, I was introduced to Lagrange's method of solving PDE's. Here, is a proof that shows how Lagrange's method works. I understand the proof until it says, I mean why should, "if u(x, y, z) = c1 and v(x, y, z) = c2 are two independent solutions...

Hello, I want to know if anyone has taken an 'Introduction to Partial Differential Equations" class/course via UIUC (University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign) through NetMath. I am planning to take this course given the fact that I have taken ODE (Ordinary Differential Equations) and Nonlinear...

I have just finished my sophomore year as a physics major and am trying to teach myself Partial differential equations. My focus is primarily the various techniques of solving PDEs, but I would like to use a text that is rigorous to a certain extent. (For example, I would at least like...

Hello everyone, A few days ago I stumbled across the formula for the energy of a moving breather for the Sine-Gordon equation $$\Box^2 \phi = -Sin(\phi) $$ The energy in general is given by (c=1) $$ E = \int_{-\infty}^{\infty} \frac {1} {2} ((\frac {\partial \phi} {\partial x})^2+ (\frac...

Hi, as in this thread Are maxwells equations linearly dependent I would like to better understand from a mathematical point of view the interdependence of Maxwell's equations. Maxwell's equations are solved assuming as given/fixed the charge density ##\rho## and the current density ##J## as...

Consider the solution of the Dirichlet problem in the unit disk, i.e. solving Laplace equation there with some known function on the boundary. The solution, obtained via separation of variables, can be expressed as $$u(r,\theta)=\frac{a_0}{2}+\sum_{n=1}^\infty...

Consider a homogeneous vibrating string of length ##\pi## fixed at both endpoints. The deviation from equilibrium is denoted ##u(x,t)## and the vibrations are assumed to be small so that they are at right angle to the ##x##-axis; gravitation is disregarded. The problem can be formulated as...

In my Fourier analysis book, the author introduces some basic PDE problems and how one can solve these using Fourier series. I know how to solve basic heat equation problems, but the above one is different from the previous problems I've worked in terms of the boundary conditions. Using...

My solution: Let ## \phi (x, t) = F(x) A(t) ##, then Eq. (1) becomes ## \frac{1}{A(t)} \frac{\partial^2}{\partial t^2} - \frac{1}{F(x)} \frac{\partial^2}{\partial x^2} = 0 ## So that : ## \frac{\partial^2}{\partial t^2} = k^2 ~A (t)##, and ## \frac{\partial^2}{\partial x^2} = k^2 ~F...

I solved by ## \int d \dot{\phi} = \int d x \to \dot{\phi} = x+ c_1 \to \int d \phi = \int d t ( x+c_1) \to \phi = x t + c_1 t + c_2 ## Is this way correct? To determine ##c_2## use initial condition: ##\phi(0,x)=0## that yields ##c_2=0##, but how to get ##c_1## ?

TL;DR Summary: I am taking a math methods course this semester of which a large part are PDEs. I don't understand the context behind the order in which we are solving PDEs. I am interested in learning how other people were taught PDEs and any book recommendations you might have. I am taking a...

TL;DR Summary: Solve heat equation in a disc using fourier transforms Carbon dioxide dissolves in the blood plasma but is not absorbed by red blood cells. As the blood returns to an alveolus, assume that it is well-mixed so that the concentration of dissolved CO2 is uniform across a...

I have been watching Mike Foster's video series of the Finite Element Method for Differential Equations (FEM). In this episode, he solves a DE relating to temperature. As the final step, he gives the following equation: $$[K] [T] = [F]$$ In this equation, I understand that ##[K]## is the...

I' m reading wiki article about Solitons and have some some troubles to understand the meaning of the following: Question: In context of systems of differential equations, what means precisely "integrability of the equations"? Is there any good intuition how to think about it? Has it some...

I'm learning about the RG equation and Callan-Symanzik equation. In ref.1 they claim to solve the RG equation via the method of characteristics for PDE. Here's a picture of the relevant part: First, the part I don't understand - the one underlined in red. What does "compatible" mean here...

I did a change of variable $$\theta(r,z) = T(r,z)-T_{\infty}$$ which resulted in $$\frac{1}{r}\frac{\partial }{\partial r}(r\frac{\partial \theta}{\partial r})+\frac{\partial^2 \theta}{\partial z^2}=0$$ $$\left.-k\frac{\partial \theta}{\partial r}\right\rvert_{r=R}=h\theta$$...

To find a shock wave, do we always solve the equation ##x_{\xi}=0##? The PDEs I consider are of the form ##u_t + g(u) u_x = f(u)##, with initial condition ##u(x,0) = h(x)##. I have been looking at the solutions for problems in my homework sheet but this method was used with no explanation. Why...

I woud like to find the characteristic curves for ##u_t + (1-2u)u_x = -1/4, u(x,0) = f(x)## where ##f(x) = \begin{cases} \frac{1}{4} & x > 0 \\ \frac{3}{4} & x < 0 \end{cases}##. By using the method of chacteristics, I obtain the Charpit-Lagrange system of ODEs: ##dt/ds = 1##, ##dx/ds = 1 -...

Some may say that ##\frac{ \partial g }{ \partial t }## is correct because it is a term in a partial differential equation, but since ##g## is a one variable function with ##t## only, I think ##\frac{ dg }{ dt }## is correct according to the original usage of the derivative and partial...

using the equation ##u(x,y)=f(x)g(y)##, first, I substitute the value of ##u_{xx}## and ##u_{yy}## in the given PDE. after that solve the ODEs but I can't understand about the ##u_{t}##.In my solution, I put ##u_{t}=0## because u is only the function of x and y. Is it the right approach, to me...

I want to model the advection of debris rock layer with a thickness hd on top of a glacier through ice flow with velocity components u and v. Can anybody explain the physical difference between these 2 equations and which one I should take? Thanks

I am going through this page again...just out of curiosity, how did they arrive at the given transforms?, ...i think i get it...very confusing... in general, ##U_{xx} = ξ_{xx} =ξ_{x}ξ_{x}= ξ^2_{x}## . Also we may have ##U_{xy} =ξ_{xy} =ξ_{x}ξ_{y}.## the other transforms follow in a similar manner.

I am reading on this part; and i realize that i get confused with the 'lettering' used... i will use my own approach because in that way i am able to work on the pde's at ease and most importantly i understand the concept on separation of variables and therefore would not want to keep on second...

As human beings, we tend to act and observe and think over time periods spanning a few milliseconds to several decades (or even centuries.) Essentially all phenomena that we directly engage with in everyday life are electrodynamical (with quantum electrodynamics over reasonably short time and...

I have tried to Fourier transform in ##x## and get the result in the transformed coordinates, please check my result: $$ \tilde{u}(k, y) = \frac{1-e^{-ik}}{ik}e^{-ky} $$ However, I'm having some problems with the inverse transform: $$ \frac{1}{2\pi}\int_{-\infty}^\infty...

We know $$ K(x,t) = \frac{1}{\sqrt{4\pi t}}\exp(-\frac{x^2}{4t}) $$ is a solution to the heat equation: $$ \frac{\partial u}{\partial t} = \frac{\partial^2 u}{\partial x^2} $$ I would like to ask how to prove: $$ u(x,t) = \int_{-\infty}^{\infty} K(x-y,t)f(y)dy $$ is also the solution to...

Any idea how to solve this equation: ## \ddot \sigma - p e^\sigma - q e^{2\sigma} =0 ## Or ## \frac{d^2 \sigma}{dt^2} - p e^\sigma - q e^{2\sigma} =0 ## Where p and q are constants.Thanks.

I've tried to show b) by using the sine Fourier series on ##[0,2a]##, to get ##g_k = \Sigma_{n=0}^{2a} \sqrt\frac{2}{a} Sin(q_k x)## Therefore ##\sqrt\frac{2}{a} = \frac{1}{a} \int_0^{2a} Sin(q_kx)g_k dx## These are equal therefore it is an orthonomal basis. I'm not sure if this is correct so...

I'm solving the heat equation on a ring of radius ##R##. The ring is parameterised by ##s##, the arc-length from the 3 o'clock position. Using separation of variables I have found the general solution to be: $$U(s,t) = S(s)T(t) = (A\cos(\lambda s)+B\sin(\lambda s))*\exp(-\lambda^2 kt)$$...

The function should use (r,z,t) variables The domain is (0,H) Since U is not dependent on angle, then theta can be ignored in the expression for Laplacian in cylindrical coordinates(?)

Solve the boundary value problem Given u_{t}=u_{xx} u(0, t) = u(\pi ,t)=0 u(x, 0) = f(x) f(x)=\left\{\begin{matrix} x; 0 < x < \frac{\pi}{2}\\ \pi-x; \frac{\pi}{2} < x < \pi \end{matrix}\right. L is π - 0=π λ = α2 since 0 and -α lead to trivial solutions Let u = XT X{T}'={X}''T...

I have been struggling with a problem for a long time. I need to solve the second order partial differential equation $$\frac{1}{G_{zx}}\frac{\partial ^2\phi (x,y)}{\partial^2 y}+\frac{1}{G_{zy}}\frac{\partial ^2\phi (x,y)}{\partial^2 x}=-2 \theta$$ where ##G_{zy}##, ##G_{zx}##, ##\theta##...

I am struggling to figure out how to approach this problem. I've only solved a homogenous heat equation $$u_t = u_{xx}$$ using a Fourier transform, where I can take the Fourier transform of both sides then solve the general solution in Fourier terms then inverse transform. However, since this...

When using the separation of variable for partial differential equations, we assume the solution takes the form u(x,t) = v(x)*g(t). What is the justification for this?

I am trying to determine an outer boundary condition for the following PDE at ##r=r_m##: $$ \frac{\sigma_I}{r} \frac{\partial}{\partial r} \left(r \frac{\partial z(r,t)}{\partial r} \right)=\rho_D gz(r,t)-p(r,t)-4 \mu_T \frac{\partial^2z(r,t)}{\partial r^2} \frac{\partial z(r,t)}{\partial t} $$...

I've a system of partial diff. eqs. in thermo-elasticity, I can solve it using normal mode analysis method but I need to solve it using laplace or Fourier

Salutations, I have been trying to approach a modelling case about organism propagation which reproducing with velocity $$\alpha$$ spreading randomly according these equations: $$\frac{du(x,t)}{dt}=k\frac{d^2u}{dx^2} +\alpha u(x,t)\\\ \\ u(x,0)=\delta(x)\\\ \lim\limits_{x \to \pm\infty}...

While separating variables in the Schrodinger Equation for hydrogen atom, why are we taking separation constant to be l(l+1) instead of just l^2 or -l^2, is it just to make the angular equation in the form of Associated Legendre Equation or is there a deeper meaning to it?

$$4\frac{\partial u}{\partial t}+\frac{\partial u}{\partial x} = 3u$$ , $$u(x,0)=4e^{-x}-e^{-5x}$$ let $$ U =X(x)T(t) $$ so $$4X\frac{\partial T}{\partial t}+T\frac{\partial X}{\partial x} = 3XT$$ $$4\frac{\partial T}{T \partial t}+\frac{\partial X}{X \partial x} = 3$$ $$\left(...

Hello all I am using the method of lines to solve the following PDE: ## \frac {\partial C} {\partial t} + F\frac {\partial q} {\partial t} + u \frac {dC} {dz} = D_{ax} \frac{\partial^2 C} {\partial z^2} ## ## \frac {\partial q} {\partial t} = k (q^{*}-q) ## With these initial conditions: ##...

Hi, I'm attempting to learn differential equations on my own. Does anyone recommended a textbook that comes with/has a solution manual? I learn faster when I can see a problem worked out if I can't solve it. Thanks.

1. The problem statement, all variables, and given/known data Given is a second order partial differential equation $$u_{xx} + 2u_{xy} + u_{yy}=0$$ which should be solved with change of variables, namely ##t = x## and ##z = x-y##. Homework Equations Chain rule $$\frac{dz}{dx} = \frac{dz}{dy}...

1. The problem statement, all variables, and given/known data Task requires you to solve a partial differential equation $$u_{xy}=2yu_x$$ for ##u(x,y)##. A hint is given that a partial differential equation can be solved in terms of ordinary differential equations. According to the solution...

Problem: $${\frac {\partial }{\partial t}}A\left( y,t \right) +6\,\Lambda\,\Omega\, \left( {y}^{2}-y \right) \sin \left( t \right) ={\frac {\partial ^{2}}{\partial {y}^{2}}}A \left( y,t \right)$$ $${\frac{\partial }{\partial y}}A \left( t,0 \right) ={\frac {\partial }{\partial y}}A \left( t,1...

Homework Statement Considering the function $$f(x) = e^{-x}, x>0$$ and $$f(-x) = f(x)$$. I am trying to find the Fourier integral representation of f(x). Homework Equations $$f(x) = \int_0^\infty \left( A(\alpha)\cos\alpha x +B(\alpha) \sin\alpha x\right) d\alpha$$ $$A(\alpha) =...

In the following question I need to find the Fourier cosine series of the triangular wave formed by extending the function f(x) as a periodic function of period 2 $$f(x) = \begin{cases} 1+x,& -1\leq x \leq 0\\ 1-x, & 0\leq x \leq 1\\\end{cases}$$ I just have a few questions then I will be able...

Hello everybody. Consider $$\frac{\partial}{\partial t}f(x) + ax\frac{\partial }{\partial x}f(x) = b x^2\frac{\partial^2}{\partial x^2}f(x)$$ This is the equation (19) of...

Hi, I need to solve a system of first order partial differential equations with complex variables given by What software should I use for solving this problem..? The system includes 13 differential equations ...

If the slope of the curve (derivative) at a given point is a number .

Hello All, I would like to convert a partial diff equation in time domain into frequency domain, however there is a term of the form: Re(∇(E1.E2*) exp(j[ω][/0]t)) where E1 and E2 are the magnitudes of the electric field and [ω][/0] is the angular frequency. Can someone please help me to...