Special relativity Definition and 1000 Threads

In Galilean Relativity, laws of mechanics are invariant across frames. In all the frames they are the same. So, in Dynamics and Relativity by W.D.McComb, it is written that this implies you cannot perform any experiment in an inertial frame that can tell whether an inertial frame is moving or...

I was bored, so I decided to derive the special relativity formulae. I drew the following diagram of a light clock: In order to find t, I did sinθ=d/ct Which gives tsinθ=d/c Which gives t=d/csinθ If v = 0, vt = 0, and θ = 90 sin90 = 1 t = d/csinθ = d/c We call this t0If v is greater than 0, vt...

If I spin around in an open field at night and look up to the stars they appear to be moving relative to me. Additionally, they are very far away and trace out a giant arc length in a very short time (S=rθ). With respect to me, these stars are moving faster than light. Is this a problem? Has...

Why is it that for two clocks that are synchronised in one frame, S, but not in another, S', is there an offset in the time by a factor of ##\frac{Lv}{c}##, as measured in S'. Where L is the proper length of the body, as measured in S. I'm confused as to why there is not a factor of ##\gamma##...

Homework Statement Here's a standard example of special relativity in action: The mean lifetime of the muon as measured in a laboratory is about 2µs (rounded to 1 s.f.). Thus, the typical distance traveled by a muon should be about ##3\times 10^8ms^{-1}\times 2\times 10^6s = 600m##. The...

Homework Statement Hi all--humanist here. Now that the semester is over, I am taking the opportunity to (attempt to) self-study introductory SR. This is problem 12 in chapter 1 of Special Relativity by AP French. (1-12) A body of mass m1+Δm is connected to a body of mass m2-Δm by a spring of...

Hi, When I started learning about GR I wondered if it emerged from SR (which the name suggests) or if the connection between the two is mere technical. GR describes the behaviour of the metric of space-time, which is locally Minkowskian and therefore SR applies. But is a curvature-based theory...

In special relativity, the electromagnetic field is represented by the tensor $$F^{\mu\nu} = \begin{pmatrix}0 & -E_{x} & -E_{y} & -E_{z}\\ E_{x} & 0 & -B_{z} & B_{y}\\ E_{y} & B_{z} & 0 & -B_{x}\\ E_{z} & -B_{y} & B_{x} & 0 \end{pmatrix}$$ which is an anti-symmetric matrix. Recalling the...

Homework Statement The figure shows a ship (attached to reference frame S') passing us (standing in reference frame S) with velocity http://edugen.wileyplus.com/edugen/shared/assignment/test/session.quest2564447entrance1_N1002E.mml?size=14&ver=1463885870814 =...

Imagine a disc witch has a radius of R=1000m and a mass M=1000kg, this disc sits on an cube that is considered static it has no velocity in any direction whatsoever. There is a light clock with the length L=17.45240644m (approximately the same as the arc length for 1 degree on the disc θ=1)...

From the observation point of Earth, you can say that the sky "moves" while the Earth is still. From this point, an observer on Earth would see a distant galaxy travel a circumference millions of light years lomg around the Earth in only a day - resulting in a velocity faster than light. Special...

Homework Statement A relativistic train of proper length 237 m approaches a tunnel of the same proper length, at a relative speed of 0.951c. A paint bomb in the engine room is set to explode (and cover everyone with blue paint) when the front of the train passes the far end of the tunnel (event...

In special relativity we can view spacetime as ##\mathbb{R}^4## with its standard smooth structure, and a metric ##\eta_{ab} = \sum\limits_{\mu, \nu = 0}^3 \eta_{\mu, \nu} (dx^\mu)_a (dx^\nu)_b## where ##\nu_{\mu \nu} = \mathrm{diag}(-1, 1, 1, )##. Given a curve ##\gamma: I \rightarrow...

Hi everyone, I've been trying to buy a copy of the first edition of the textbook "Spacetime Physics" by Taylor and Wheeler in my country, but I haven't been able to get my hands on a copy of it. Moreover, the e-books available online are poorly scanned with a bad font. I was able to download...

If a photon does not experience time, how can it change? Without change, how can it have frequency?

Homework Statement At exactly 00:00:00 hours, a group of convicts escape from a planet in a space-ship that travels at speed ##v=\frac{4}{5}c##. After 11 min, a patrol spaceship goes after them with ##v_P=\frac{24}{25}c##. Ignore all acceleration periods. (i) The convicts immediately notice the...

Homework Statement A spaceship travels from Earth to the vicinity of the star that is measured by astronomers on Earth to be six light-years away. The spaceship and its occupants have a total rest mass of 32 000 kg. Assume that the spaceship travels at constant velocity. The time taken as...

I recently had someone ask me why we use 4-vectors in special relativity and what is the motivation for introducing them in the first place. This is the response I gave: From Einstein's postulates( i.e. 1. the principle of relativity - the laws of physics are identical (invariant) in all...

Apologies if this is a really stupid question, but what is the exact argument for why one can use proper time to parametrise timelike curves? Is it simply that the arclength of a timelike curve is its elapsed proper time and hence we are simply parametrising the curve by its arclength? Also, is...

Why is it that the ZMF velocity is given by the total momentum of the system divided by the total energy? Many thanks :)

As I understand it one is forced to use 4-vectors since we require objects that transform as vectors under application of Lorentz transformations and 3-vectors do not (technically they do under rotations, but not under boosts). Equivalenty, if one starts off with Minkowski spacetime from the...

Hi guys In an assignment I wrote for university I was penalised for claiming that FTL neutrinos would violate special relativity. Below is the relevant part of my assignment and the response from my lecturer. Could somebody please explain what he could mean by that because as far as I can...

Hello, I am studing elementary particle physics and want to ask something, just to check if I have understood properly. So, as I understand, this is true about four-momentum in special relativity: 1. The square of the sum of particles' four momenta is invariant under Lorentz transformations...

There's a question in Schnutz - A first course in special relativity Consider a Velocity Four Vector U , and the tensor P whose components are given by Pμν = ημν + UμUν . (a) Show that P is a projection operator that projects an arbitrary vector V into one orthogonal to U . That is, show that...

What exactly are the theoretical motivations for considering space and time as a four dimensional continuum? Is it a natural consequence of requiring that the speed of light is independent of the frame of reference that it is measured in, since this implies that time and time are not absolute...

Why is it that in SR we always seem to jump to the Lorenz equations when there is a simpler way. This is the concept of an interval. The interval is defined as the square root of ( T squared minus X squared) . In Special relativity the time and distance are different for different...

Hey guys, In what circumstance or scenario would you use Lorentz transformations as a opposed to time dilation or length contraction? The reason that I ask this is because in all of the problems that I have worked with, the observer is always stationary relative to the event. For example, if...

Let us first review Einstein’s train and platform thought experiment which consists of one observer midway inside a speeding train car and another observer standing on a platform as the train moves past. A flash of light is given off at the center of the train car just as the two observers pass...

Homework Statement [/B] 1. Homework Statement A spacecraft is prepared to visit α-Centauri, which is at the distance 4.37 light years from the Sun. Provisions for the crew are prepared for the duration of 16 years. How fast must the spacecraft travel for this provision to be enough? Answer...

This question has been bugging me quite some time now. I'll start presenting my background for the problem: Fact: Photons are time-dependent oscillations of electric and magnetic fields as described by Maxwell's equations. Now, I've heard a lot of people, including professors saying that a...

Homework Statement In a thought experiment, a train is moving at a speed of 0.95c relative to the ground. A pendulum attached to the ceiling of the train is set into oscillation. An observer T on the train and an observer G on the ground measure the period of oscillation of the pendulum. State...

Homework Statement An electron travels at 0.422c. Calculate the following. (a) the relativistic momentum kg · m/s (b) the relativistic kinetic energy J (c) the rest mass energy...

I am still a bit puzzled by this video: Does this mean that force exerted on an electrically charged particle facilitated by moving through magnetic field B is due to special relativity, and not virtual photons acting as magnetic force carriers? Thanks

Homework Statement [/B] S' is moving at 0.5c relative to S. Two events, stationary with respect to S, occur at a distance of 4 light years from the origin at time 3 years and 6.5 years. Estimate the time between the events as measured by an observer in S'. Check your solution with the time...

I'm looking for a rigorous book on SR for some summer reading. Preferably something that covers a lot of the stuff in this document really well, http://ocw.mit.edu/courses/physics/8-033-relativity-fall-2006/readings/guide.pdf The website recommends older books by French and Resnick, but I've...

Hi everyone, I'm current working on a project about special relativity, and i was thinking writing about the cosmic ray muons. But where do i, as a high school student get raw data of cosmic ray muons? I have searched quite a bit, but it doesn't seems like data like that is public and easy...

The subject of relativity has been haunting me for while now. Everytime i feel i understand a concept, there comes questions withtin that contradict the undestanding. Have been trying to digest the time dilation & symmetry of how it is felt mutually by observers in two different frame of...

I feel a difficulty in understanding SP at fundamental level which is somewhat related with twin paradox. Let me take a thought scenario: in empty space or vacuum two boxes(A and B) with their own light sources attached are separated from each other at a far distance r initially. If they are...

Hello all. I am currently using Kleppner - Kolenkow textbook on classical mechanics, and I am really liking it. Now I have finally reached the chapter on spatial relativity, but I have read in several foums that, despite the quaity of the book, this chapter is not as fine as the others (I have...

I'm from a country in Africa where I didn't have the privilege of learning the Standard Model, so I'll try and rephrase my question here: https://www.physicsforums.com/threads/why-is-the-electromagnetic-field-not-a-charge-field.857927/#post-5384284 In a way where my ignorance doesn't outrage...

I have been unable to find a satisfactory explanation of this problem, elsewhere. Consider an uniform electric field, E, along the y axis. Consider also a uniform magnetic field, B, along the z axis. If we release a particle (charge=q, mass=m) at rest on the origin at time t=0, what will be...

Homework Statement Suppose you decide to travel to a star 65 light-years away at a speed that tells you the distance is only 25 light-years. How many years would it take you to make the trip? Homework Equations ∆t=∆t0/(√ (1−v2/c2 )) / ∆t0 = ∆t √(1−v2/c2) L=L0√ (1−v2/c2) The Attempt at a...

This question is a continuation/topic-extrapolation of: https://www.physicsforums.com/threads/flux-in-magnetic-core-according-to-special-relativity.856482/#post-5374651 My question is 'how is the electromagnetic field different from some sort of mere electric-charge field?' The issue I have...

Hi, So apparently electrons don't orbit the nucleus of atoms so I'm assuming the lack of movement means that no energy from the atom is radiated away from an atom due to minuscule gravitational waves, over the life of the universe. But gravitational waves have got me thinking about reference...

I read that: "Length contraction is caused because moving objects bend space. And that is the difference between Lorentz's and Einstein's length contraction concepts. Lorentz thought length contraction really occurs but Einstein thought that length contraction is a consequence of bending space...

Many popular accounts claim that gravity waves move at the speed of light. Now, I know 2 things: Special relativity says their speed cannot be greater than the speed of light in a vacuum. Gravity is a different fundamental force than the electromagnetic force. The same goes for their fields...

Homework Statement The question as follows: Calculate the energy that is required to accelerate a particle of rest mass ##m\ne 0## from speed ##v## to speed ##v+\delta v## (##\delta v \ll v##). Show that it would take an infinite amount of energy to accelerate the particle to the speed of...

Homework Statement As outlaws escape in their getaway car, which goes 3/4c, the police officer fires a bullet from a pursuit car, which only goes 1/2c. The muzzle velocity of the bullet (relative to the gun) is 1/3c. Does the bullet reach its target according to Galileo? According to Einstein...

I'm currently reading a book on relativistic field theory and I'm trying to understand spinors. After the author introduces the four parts of the Lorentz group he talks about spinors and group representations: "...With this concept we see that the 2x2 unimodular matrices A discussed in the...