Transition Definition and 496 Threads

Homework Statement Prove the following theorem: Suppose that B, C, and D are ordered bases for a nontrivial finite dimensional vector space V. let P be the transition matrix from B to C, and let Q be the transition matrix from C to D. Then QP is the transition matrix from B to D...

Homework Statement Let So = {v1,v2,v3,v4} be a basis of the vector space V. S= {u1,u2,u3,u4} is a set of vectors defined as follows: u1 = 80v1 + 106v2 + 120v3 +164v4 u2 = 80v1 + 146v2 + 136v3 + 91v4 u3 = 90v1 + 143v2 + 122v3 + 70v4 u4 = 80v1 + 56v2 + 80v3 + 48v4 Find the Transition...

Homework Statement Part (a): Show probability to transit from state i to j is given by: Part (b)i: Use answer in part (a) to find probability Part (b)ii: Use time evolution to find probability Homework Equations The Attempt at a Solution Part (a) was alright, bookwork question on time...

I've been working as an ME for approximately 3 years and I'm not enjoying what I'm doing as much as I'd have hoped. I'm currently completing an MS in ME Control Systems, which I absolutely love (2 courses from completion). During my MS coursework I've taken a lot of EE courses on electric...

Homework Statement Let So = {v1,v2,v3,v4} be basis of vector space V. And S = {u1,u2,u3,u4} be set of vectors defined as follows: u1 = 20v1 + 46v2 + 116v3 + 170v4 u2 = 20v1 + 86v2 + 147v3 + 174v4 u3 = 30v1 + 89v2 + 59v3 + 81v4 u4 = 15v1 + 27v2 + 12v3 + 9v4 Find transition matrix A from...

Homework Statement let a= {a1, a2, a3, a4} and b={b1,...,b4} and r = {r1,...,r4} Also, b1 = 4a1 b2 = 8a1 + 7a2 b3 = 4a1 + 4a2 + 4a3 b4 = 9a1 + 5a2 + 8a3 + 5a4 and r1 = 3b4 r2= 4b3 + 6b4 r3 = 9b2 + 3b3 + 9b4 r4 = 6b1 + 5b2 + 3b3 + 5b4 Find transition matrix from basis a to...

Suppose that we have a body that is moving at a straight line, inertially wrt to another frame. If it starts to move in a circular way after that, what can be said about the motions of its points. Do all points have to deccelrate to achieve the circular motion, but in a different manner, since...

My knowledge on this topic is a bit sketchy. I realize that there is a whole branch of math out there devoted to checking whether a certain vector bundle is trivial or not, and I partly know some stuff about characteristic classes that seems to do just that (the cases of the Euler classes and...

Hi, I was just trying to draw a Feynman diagram for ψ' to χ_{c} states. So we have a electromagnetic transition. I feel tempted to just have c and \bar{c} coming in and letting a γ leave from one of the legs. But that looks like an incomplete Feynman diagram to me. Maybe I have to get two...

I am not understanding something from my textbook. This is related to Fermi's Golden rule. It's about what happens when the matrix element of the perturbation H' ends up being a Dirac delta for chosen normalization. Here is Fermi's Golden rule. \Gamma_{ba} = 2\pi \left|\langle b \mid H'\mid a...

Homework Statement For a laser, assume single mode operation, only lifetime broadening due to A21 and A1. Write out the rate equations for the atomic densitions N1 and N2 and the flux \Phi. Then there's a diagram where there's 2 stats. Pump rate is P, stimulated emission between 1 and 2 is...

Homework Statement An LTI system is given in state-space form, \left( \begin{array}{cc} \dot{x_{1}} \\ \dot{x_{2}} \end{array} \right) = \left( \begin{array}{cc} -1 & 0.5 \\ 1 & 0 \end{array} \right) \left( \begin{array}{cc} x_{1} \\ x_{2} \end{array} \right) + \left( \begin{array}{cc} 0.5 \\...

Hello friends , I have some conceptual problems in understanding the difference between Minkowski spacetime and the spacetime of general relativity. The general spacetime of GR is defined as a smooth manifold which is locally like Minkowski spacetime . What does this statement mean ? Does...

Homework Statement Hey guys, So I have to estimate the temperature at which the classical / quantum transition happens for a 1m^3 box of air. This is done by comparing the de Broglie wavelength with the average distance between the particles - so basically the transition happens when they...

Homework Statement B = {b1, b2, b3} and C = {c1, c2, c3} are two basis's for R3 where the connection between the basis vectors are given by b1 = -c1 + 4c2, b2 = -c1 + c2 + c3, b3 = c2 - 2c3 a) decide the transformation matric from basis B to basis C. A vector x is given in...

After time t, the probability of monochromatic absorption of the ground state |1> to the energy state |n> is given by: |<n|1>|^2=4|U_{n1}|^2\frac{\sin^2((E_n-E_1-\hbar\omega)t/2\hbar)}{(E_n-E_1-\hbar\omega)^2} where U is the transition matrix. The claim is that as t goes to infinity, the...

Hey I didn't understand the transition below, I'd be glad for some help thanks

So a phase transition occurs when a system may minimize its free energy by spontanously breaking some symmetry. At least that is what I have learned from my current course so far. However I also did another course concerning phase transitions. In this case phase transitions were always...

Hi, I wonder if there is an elegant way of how to picture (or describe at all) the transition of free electrons (non-quantized, point-like charges) into let's say the bound ground state of the hydrogen atom (in which it becomes quantized and cloud-like). How does the transition occur ? When...

In the definition of smooth manifolds we require that the transition functions between different charts be infinitely differentiable (a circle is an example of such a manifold). Topological manifolds, however, does not require transitions functions to be smooth (or rather no transition functions...

Homework Statement Evaluate the matrix element <U210|z|U100> where by |Unlm> we mean the hydrogen atom orbital with it's quantum numbers. Homework Equations The Attempt at a Solution So where I'm getting stuck is on the integral, because the "U" portion of the wave function is...

I would like to thank this forum for numerous threads discussing various ways to transition out of academia after getting a PhD in physics. However I still think that I am missing a key factor leading to successful transitions. I also have nobody to ask in person. All of my friends who got...

Homework Statement There is a solid that can be in two phases, with energies U1(S,V) = S2/a1 + b1V(V-2Vo) and U2(S,V) = S2/a2 + b2V(V-2Vo). Consider a phase transition between the two phases at zero pressure. At what temperature, T0, does it occur? Homework Equations T = ∂G/∂S...

When a photon is absorbed by an electron through a direct transition in a crystal, the crystal momentum of electron would not approximately change. Therefore momentum change of electron would neutralize momentum change of crystal. In other words, the crystal would gain momentum as well as...

Homework Statement The graph below (see attached) shows the measured magnetization against temperature at room pressure for the material Gd and for another material for use in a magnetic refrigerator at room temperature. 1)Calculate the expected change of temperature of a thermally isolated...

Homework Statement An atom in an excited state has a lifetime of 1.2 x 10 -8 sec; in a second excited state the lifetime is 2.3 x 10 -8 sec. What is the uncertainty in energy for the photon emitted when an electron makes a transition between these two levels? Homework Equations...

1.At constant temperature of 258K and constant pressure of 1.000 atm , super cooled liquid water (2.00mol) freezes irreversibly. Find the change in enthalpy(ΔH) by assuming that Cp,m of liquid water and ice are 75.48 KJ/mol and 37.15KJ/mol and are constant. (this problem was from my assignment...

Why can have transition metals unpaired electrons in their compounds? In correlates to their multiple oxidation states, but I still don't know the explanation of it, that would make me satisfied - I suppose it's mathematical, as molecular orbitals are creating. Or is there any explanation?

When a transition from valence band to conduction band happens (in a direct-gap material), how the momentum is conserved while the group velocity of electron is changed considerably?

I have a problem in finding the heat transfer coefficient of a heat exchanger in which Ethane undergoes a phase transition. I would like to find the Prandtl number of Ethane in the phase transition region. So far I thought I would use the following: Pr_av = x * Pr_g + (1-x) Pr_l Pr_av =...

Homework Statement A photon emitted during an electronic transition in a hydrogen atom has a wavelength of 486.2 nm. From what initial energy level (ni) did the electron transition? Homework Equations Energy = hc/wavelength (h = Planck's constant; c is speed of light; and wavelength is 486.2...

1. Regarding: Transition metals of the Periodic Table 2. Here's my question: the D-Block transition metals will always lose e- (& never gain e-'s) to fully fill (or half-fill) their d-subshells, right? 3. Given what I learned about stable, fully-filled and half-filled subshells...

So I was trying to understand how fluid flow is affected through a transition duct when I found http://nopr.niscair.res.in/bitstream/123456789/152/1/IJEMS%2014%281%29%202007%2012-18.pdf that was done. In the study it was noticed that there was a dramatic drop in velocity near the end of the...

Judging from the electron configurations, it appears to me that all transition metals in their normal state have 2 valence electrons. If it isn't, what are the valences of the transition metals, why can they have many different valences, and what are the 1B-8B columns for? Number of...

Hello, I was an electrical engineering student and knew how to utilize the necessary mathematical tools to solve anything that came my way. I always had a deep latent predilection for mathematics but due to some constraints I was unable to spare much time on improving my knowledge of the subject...

Homework Statement http://icho2013.chem.msu.ru/materials/IChO-2013_Theoretical_Official_English_Version.pdf Looking at problem 1. Homework Equations The integrated form of the Clausius-Clapeyron equation: ln(\frac{P_{T2}}{P_{T1}}) = -\frac{\Delta H}{R} \cdot (\frac{1}{T_2} -...

Hi everyone! I would like to ask you some clarifications on an explicit example of local trivializations and transition functions of fibre bundles: namely on the [-1,1]\hookrightarrow E\rightarrow S^1 bundle (which I guess is the simplest possible example). Following Nakahara (chapter 9...

Homework Statement I want to find the transition matrix for the rational canonical form of the matrix A below. Homework Equations The Attempt at a Solution Let ##A## be the 3x3 matrix ##\begin{bmatrix} 3 & 4 & 0 \\-1 & -3 & -2 \\ 1 & 2 & 1 \end{bmatrix}## The...

Say for a simple hydrogen atom, an electron absorbs just the right amount of energy such that it jumps up from energy levels n = 1 to n = 5. When it comes back down, is it possible to say, do n = 5 to n =3 to n = 2 to n =1, releasing 3 photons with their respective specific frequencies/energies...

I am interested in the main difference between transitions from electric fields from Conductive to Conductive/ Dielectric to Dielectric and Dielectric/Conductive media. What are the boundary conditions that an Electric field and a potential has to fulfill? I think I only know it for dielectric...

Homework Statement Consider the flow of air over an aerofoil. The critical Reynolds number marking the transition from laminar to turbulent flow is 6 x 10^5, the dynamic viscosity is 2.0 x 10^-5 Ns/m^2, the density of air is 1.100 kg/m^3 and the aircraft velocity is 180 m/s. What is the length...

Homework Statement Hello guys, I'm stuck on a problem I've met in an exam and that I will roughly copy out of memory. There was a substance that had a transition to liquid helium at ##T_0=3##K. Also, ##M=\frac{nDB}{T}## (Curie's law was satisfied). Specific heat at constant magnetization was...

Hi, I'm Teemu from Finland, and I'm just getting my master's degree in physics completed (only one course in electronics left). This is my first post in Physicsforums. I was thinking about a problem in statistical mechanics. As you all know, if we have a one- particle system where the...

Sorry for my abysmal level of ignorance, but I'm not understanding why quantum tunneling from nothing is considered a possible starting point for a multiverse, when the permanence of our pocket universe within the multiverse is also considered to be threatened by a phase transition if its vacuum...

Hello, I already have a bachelors degree in Electrical Engineering. I was wondering that suppose I want to obtain a bachelors degree in Physics, for a 4 year bachelors physics program how many years will be allowed to skip given that I already know to my fingertips electricity and magnetism...

1. -Find a regular transition matrix that is not time reversible, i.e., doesn't satisfy the balance equations? 2.Pi,j=0≠Pj,ifor some i and j My understanding from Markov Chain Monte Carlo is that for the transition matrix to be regular the matrix has to have all positives entries and each row...

I know how to calculate transition rates between nl resolved states in a hydrogen-like atom, but I don't know how to calculate transition rates between nljm states. I know that dipole transition rate is \frac{32}{3}\frac{\pi^3 \alpha c}{\lambda^3}\left<\psi_1|\mathbf{d}|\psi_2\right> The...

Hi guys, I'm having a little difficulty in converting a set of two bases into a transition matrix. My problem lies in the bases, because they are in polynomial form compared to your elementary coordinate form. How would I go about finding the transitional matrix for this example... Thanks in...

Fourier Transform on the "connected part" of QFT transition prob. Homework Statement Calculate ⟨0|T[ϕ(x₁)ϕ(x₂)ϕ(x₃)ϕ(x₄)]|0⟩ up to order λ from the generating functional Z[J] of λϕ⁴-theory. Using the connected part, derive the T-matrixelement for the reaction a(p₁) + a(p₂) → a(p₃) +...

Could intraband transition (in metals) of an electron in the conduction band produce a hole there?