Balancing Reaction of Formic Acid and Ammonium Hydroxide

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Discussion Overview

The discussion revolves around the chemical reaction between ammonium hydroxide and formic acid, specifically focusing on writing the balanced chemical equation, the products formed, and the concept of limiting reagents. The scope includes chemical equation formulation and stoichiometry.

Discussion Character

  • Technical explanation
  • Conceptual clarification
  • Debate/contested

Main Points Raised

  • One participant proposes that the reaction can be represented as NH3 (ammonia) + HCO2H (formic acid) producing NH4HCO2 (ammonium formate) and questions whether water is also produced.
  • Another participant asserts that there is no water produced in the reaction.
  • A participant inquires about including excess ammonia in the balanced equation, to which another replies that it is unnecessary and suggests researching limiting reagents.
  • There is a clarification that balanced reactions should use stoichiometric coefficients rather than specific mole numbers, leading to the formulation NH3 + HCOOH → HCOONH4.
  • It is noted that there would be 0.9 moles of ammonia remaining after the reaction.

Areas of Agreement / Disagreement

Participants generally agree on the basic reaction components but disagree on the inclusion of water and the representation of excess reactants. The discussion remains unresolved regarding the details of the balanced equation and the treatment of excess ammonia.

Contextual Notes

There are limitations regarding the assumptions made about the reaction conditions and the definitions of the reactants and products. The discussion does not resolve the specifics of how to represent the reaction in terms of stoichiometry.

PCSL
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I'd like to write the chemical equation for the reaction of 1 mole of ammonium hydroxide with .1 mole of formic acid. I understand that NH4OH is not ammonium hydroxide, and it is more accurate to write NH3, implying NH3 (ammonia) + HCO2H (formic acid) --> NH4HCO2 (ammonium formate) but would there also be water produced from the reaction? Also this reaction has a 1:1 mole ratio for the ammonia and formic acid so would I also add a term on the right for excess ammonia that does not react? Thanks for the help - I haven't had a chemistry course in years.
 
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PCSL said:
implying NH3 (ammonia) + HCO2H (formic acid) --> NH4HCO2 (ammonium formate)

That's a reasonably correct depiction of what is happening. There is no water produced.

would I also add a term on the right for excess ammonia that does not react?

No. Google limiting reagent.
 
Borek said:
No. Google limiting reagent.

Perfect - so I could just write NH3+.1*HCO2H --> .1NH4HCO2 with .9 moles of ammonia in excess? Thanks.
 
Not exactly. You don't use numbers of moles in the balanced reaction - only stoichiometric coefficients. So your reaction, when balanced, should look like

NH3 + HCOOH → HCOONH4

(I am used to a bit different convention for writing carboxylic acids and their salts, nothing wrong with the one you use though).

And then you can describe what is happening in your particular case. Eons ago I was trained to write it below the reaction equation (but formatting such things these days is getting ridiculously time consuming).

And yes, there is 0.9 moles of the ammonia left after the reaction.
 

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