DC motors can function without a commutator by utilizing brushless designs, where transistors manage the switching of magnetic poles instead of brushes. Brushless DC motors, commonly found in computer fans, employ permanent magnets for the armature. Universal motors can operate on both AC and DC, blurring the lines between motor types due to their construction. These motors offer advantages like high startup torque and speed control, making them preferable in certain applications. The discussion highlights the evolving technology in motor design, emphasizing the role of electronic controllers in modern motors.