Engineering Current Across R2 Resistor in Multi-Loop Circuit

[joel amos]

Ω

Homework Statement

In the following circuit, what is the current across the R₂ resistor?
V₁ = 1.5 V, V₂ = 1.5 V, R₁ = 470 Ω, R₂ = 560 Ω

Homework Equations

Kirchhoff's laws

The Attempt at a Solution

I attempted to create a system of equations with the intention of finding R₂, as was demonstrated in an example in class. Here are my equations:

Node A: I₂ = I₁ + I₃
Loop 1: 1.5 V - I₁ * 470 Ω - I₂ * 560 Ω = 0
Loop 2: I₂ * 560 Ω - 1.5 V = 0

V₁ - I₁ * R₁ - I₂ * R₂ = 0 ⇒I₁ * R₁ = V - I₂ * R₂ ⇒ (V₁ - I₂ * R₂) / R₁ = (1.5 V - I₂ * 560 Ω) / 470 Ω = I₁

I've now expressed I₁ in terms of I₂. So I can write:

I₂ = [(1.5 V - I₂ * 560 Ω) / 470 Ω] + I₃

However, I realized that I don't have enough equations to use to solve this system of equations for I₂. In class we created a third loop that went around the whole outside. However, would that be possible in this case, as that isn't a path of current? And even if I were to add a third loop, I can't see how that'd help my cause.

 

[CWatters]

Take a step back and inspect the circuit again. Don't write any equations just ask yourself...

What is the voltage across R2?
What is the voltage on both sides of R1?

 

[joel amos]

Take a step back and inspect the circuit again. Don't write any equations just ask yourself...

What is the voltage across R2?
What is the voltage on both sides of R1?

The voltage drop across R₂ is I₂ * 560 Ω.
The voltage before R₁ is 1.5 V and after is 1.5 V - I₁ * 470 Ω.
Right?

 

[CWatters]

The voltage drop across R2 is I2 * 560 Ω.

That's an equation. I said don't write any equations ;-)

What does a voltage source like V2 do?

 

[joel amos]

What does a voltage source like V2 do?

It creates a potential difference of 1.5 V.

 

[CWatters]

V2 is connected in parallel with R2 so what's the voltage across R2?

 

[joel amos]

-1.5 V ?

 

[CWatters]

+1.5V eg same as V2

Sorry - I have to go out for a few hours.

 

[CWatters]

Back again.

So what's the voltage on either side of R1?

 

[joel amos]

I think I may have solved it. I got I₂ = 7.5 mA.

 

[CWatters]

That's not what I make it. Can you show your working.

 

[joel amos]

R_eq1 = 470 Ω + 560 Ω = 1030 Ω
I₁ = 5 V / 1030 Ω = .00485 A
I₃ = 1.5 V / 560 Ω = .00268 A
I₂ = I₁ + I₃ = .00485 A + .00268 A = 7.5 mA

 

[CWatters]

Ah no that's somewhat mixed up. You can't work out I1 like that because V2 dictates the voltage across R2.

The first thing to notice about the circuit is that V2 is in parallel with R2. This means that the voltage across R2 must = V2 = 1.5V (as mentioned above). Then if the voltage across R2 is 1.5V the current through R2 must be what (according to Ohms law)?

Edit: Where do you get 5V from? Problem statement says both V1 and V2 are 1.5V. Is that a typo?

 

[joel amos]

Then if the voltage across R2 is 1.5V the current through R2 must be what (according to Ohms law)?

I₂ = V / R = 1.5 V / 560 Ω = 2.7 mA

V2 dictates the voltage across R2.

How does the first loop work then? V₁ adds 1.5 V and R₂ drops 1.5 V. What about R₁?

Edit: Where do you get 5V from? Problem statement says both V1 and V2 are 1.5V. Is that a typo?

A typo indeed. Nice catch.

 

[CWatters]

How does the first loop work then? V1 adds 1.5 V and R2 drops 1.5 V. What about R1?

Indeed, hence my earlier question.. So what's the voltage on either side of R1? or if you prefer..What's the voltage drop across R1?

 

[joel amos]

What's the voltage drop across R1?

I = 1.5 V / (470 Ω + 560 Ω) = 1.5 V / 1030 Ω = 0.001456 A
ΔV = 0.001456 A * 470 Ω = 680 mV

 

[CWatters]

It's not as complicated. You were closer with..

V1 adds 1.5 V and R2 drops 1.5 V"

That implies both sides of R1 are at 1.5V and there is no voltage drop across R1. What does that mean for I1?

 

[joel amos]

What does that mean for I1?

Hmm. No current?

 

[CWatters]

I forgot to confirm that this...

I₂ = V / R = 1.5 V / 560 Ω = 2.7 mA

is correct.

 

[CWatters]

Hmm. No current?

In effect we have just written KVL for the outside loop, solved it for i1 and found it to be zero.

 

[CWatters]

So in short the circuit is a lot simpler than it looks.

V2//R2 implies the voltage on R2 = V2 so the current I2 = V2/R2 = 2.7mA

Both sides of R1 are 1.5V so i1 = 0

|I3| = |I2|

 

[joel amos]

In effect we have just written KVL for the outside loop, solved it for i1 and found it to be zero.

Thanks for being part of the process!

So in short the circuit is a lot simpler than it looks.

V2//R2 implies the voltage on R2 = V2 so the current I2 = V2/R2 = 2.7mA

Both sides of R1 are 1.5V so i1 = 0

|I3| = |I2|

This makes a lot of sense now. Thanks again!

 

[CWatters]

PS. If V1 had been 5V...

The voltage on R2 would still be 1.5V so I2 would still be 2.7mA.

Writing KVL for the outside loop would give...

+5 + (-I1*R1) + (-1.5) = 0

Rearrange to give

I1*R1 = 5 - 1.5

I1 = (5 - 1.5)/R1
= 3.5/470 = 7.5mA