Electrochemistry electrode labeling

[clavin]

well i would like to know how do we label the electrode as negative and positive in a daniel cell. i dnt want the learn course like anode is this and cathode is this
but what i want to know as to what's the concept behind that labelling
my book says that if the electrode has a positive potential wrt the solution its positive and same for negative
but my question is that in a daniel cell how this this potential come into picture
like the solution as a whole is neutral. then let's say copper reduces and sticks to the rod
then the excess negative in the slution is neutralised by the salt bridge
so how come the electrode develop a potential
also in my book it says the zn2+ ions surround the zn electrode. so how come that happen
why doesn't the negative part in the solution surround the zn electrode.

also just to clarify i am not talking about the potential difference between the 2 electrodes but the electrode and the solution.

 

[Nino MMP]

The potential of each electrode in the Daniell cell is determined by the activity of the ions in the electrolyte solution that surrounds it. The copper electrode is surrounded by copper ions in solution, while the zinc electrode is surrounded by zinc ions in solution. In a Daniell cell, the copper electrode is at a higher potential than the zinc electrode due to the difference in the activities of the copper and zinc ions in the solution surrounding the electrodes. This potential difference between the two electrodes drives the flow of electrons from the zinc electrode (negative electrode) to the copper electrode (positive electrode). The salt bridge serves to separate the two half-cells and maintain electrical neutrality in the system by allowing the movement of ions between the two half-cells. This helps to keep the two half-cells at the same electrochemical potential, which ensures that the electrons will flow from the zinc electrode to the copper electrode.