Feasibility of a home built beta cell or similar nuclear battery?

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Discussion Overview

The discussion revolves around the feasibility of constructing a home-built nuclear battery or similar device, with references to nuclear reactors, betavoltaics, and radioisotope thermoelectric generators (RTGs). Participants explore the theoretical and practical challenges associated with such projects, including safety, cost, and the availability of radioactive materials.

Discussion Character

  • Exploratory
  • Debate/contested
  • Technical explanation

Main Points Raised

  • One participant questions the impossibility of building a nuclear reactor but wonders about the potential for a home-built nuclear battery, referencing Henry Moseley's work.
  • Another mentions existing designs that use tritium-powered lights to drive solar cells, noting their low efficiency but durability.
  • Concerns are raised about the difficulty of obtaining significant quantities of isotopes suitable for RTGs.
  • A proposal is made for a direct charge device using multiple weak radioactive sources to charge a capacitor bank for intermittent power bursts, though the feasibility is questioned.
  • Betavoltaics are mentioned as a potential option, but the low energy output from radioactive decay is highlighted as a limitation for powering a home.
  • One participant suggests that cost and safety issues are more significant barriers than power density in the context of RTGs.
  • Americium from smoke detectors is proposed as a potential source, but calculations reveal the impracticality of using it for home power generation due to the vast quantities required and high costs.

Areas of Agreement / Disagreement

Participants express a range of views on the feasibility of home-built nuclear batteries, with no consensus reached. While some acknowledge the theoretical possibility of certain designs, significant concerns about safety, cost, and material availability remain unresolved.

Contextual Notes

Limitations include the dependence on the availability of radioactive materials, the safety risks associated with handling such materials, and the practical challenges of energy output versus consumption needs.

JuggleFive
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I've read about why it would be nearly impossible for an individual to construct a working home built nuclear reactor (of any variety), but I've never understood why a home built nuclear battery couldn't be constructed (think Henry Moseley's work). The size and power output would be impractical I'm sure, but it would make for an interesting project/demonstration. Any thoughts/links/information you can share? Has this been done before?
 
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Not sure about homebuilt, but there have been designs using tritium powered lights to drive solar cells.
Terrible efficiency, but very robust and durable.
 
The problem lies is obtaining any significant quantity of an isotope useful for an RTG.
 
I was thinking more along the lines of a direct charge device rather than an RTG. Readily available source materials are weak and you really wouldn't want the risk of working with stronger sources anyway however, multiple weak sources charging a capacitor bank to provide a periodic short burst of power (every hour/day/week?) might be possible? It probably hasn't been done for a reason, I just can't figure out why.
 
JuggleFive said:
I was thinking more along the lines of a direct charge device rather than an RTG. Readily available source materials are weak and you really wouldn't want the risk of working with stronger sources anyway however, multiple weak sources charging a capacitor bank to provide a periodic short burst of power (every hour/day/week?) might be possible? It probably hasn't been done for a reason, I just can't figure out why.

There are such devices called betavoltaics, however the energy produced by radioactive decay is pretty small. You couldn't power a home that way.
 
Well, is it not the case that the problem is cost and safety, not power density? Otherwise RTGs would never find a use? For instance: (say) Na-22 (half life 2 yrs, 0.5 MeV beta) would deliver almost ~0.3 kW/mole for a ~year, or 13 kW from one kilogram, so that a few kilos would heat/power most homes.
 
QuantumPion said:
The problem lies is obtaining any significant quantity of an isotope useful for an RTG.
Yes, of course, disregard above.
 
Americium from smoke detectors?
 
1ledzepplin1 said:
Americium from smoke detectors?

The specific power of Americium is around 0.1 W/g. One smoke detector contains around 1 microgram of Am. To make a RTG to power your home, with a thermal efficiency of 10% and an output requirement of 5 kW, you would need 500 kg of Am or 500 billion smoke detectors. Or you could just buy Americium from the source, google says it costs $1500/g. That comes out to $750,000,000. I doubt the world production rate of Am is that much though.
 

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