Potential difference, also known as voltage, is the difference in electric potential energy between two points in an electric circuit. It is measured in volts (V) and indicates the amount of work needed to move a unit of electric charge from one point to another.
Potential difference is calculated by dividing the work done in moving a charge between two points by the amount of charge moved. This can be represented by the equation V = W/Q, where V is voltage, W is work, and Q is charge.
The unit of measurement for potential difference is the volt (V). Other common units for potential difference include millivolts (mV) and kilovolts (kV).
Potential difference is directly related to the flow of electric current. A higher potential difference will result in a greater flow of current, while a lower potential difference will result in a lower flow of current. This relationship is described by Ohm's law: I = V/R, where I is current, V is voltage, and R is resistance.
Potential difference can be affected by various factors, including the type of material the current is flowing through, the length and thickness of the material, and the presence of any resistors or other components in the circuit. Additionally, changes in temperature and the strength of the electric field can also impact potential difference.