Finding an indefinite integral

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The discussion focuses on calculating the indefinite integral of the function ∫(3x^3/√(1-x^2)) and comparing the derived solution with the textbook answer. The user attempted a substitution method using x = sin(θ) but ended up with a different result than expected. Other participants suggest checking the differentiation of both solutions to verify if they are equivalent and point out a potential sign error in the user's calculations. The user acknowledges the importance of verifying results through differentiation and realizes they can confirm the correctness of their solution. The conversation emphasizes the significance of checking work in integral calculus.
nightingale123
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Homework Statement


Calculate the indefinite integral of the function ## \int\frac{3x^3}{\sqrt{1-x^2}}##
my book gives the answer ##-(2+x^2)\sqrt{1-x^2}+C##

Homework Equations

The Attempt at a Solution


So I started trying to calculate this indefinite integral by using a substitution ##x=\sin(\theta)##

so ##dx=\cos{\theta}d\theta##

then I substituted this term into my integral and got

##3\int\frac{\sin^3\theta*\cos\theta*d\theta}{\cos\theta}##

Then I canceled out the ## \cos\theta## and wrote ##\sin^2\theta=1-\cos^2\theta##

##3\int\sin\theta*(1-\cos^2\theta*)d\theta##

here I substituted another new variable ##\cos\theta=t\Rightarrow dt=-\sin\theta d\theta## and I substituted that into my integral and got

##3\int(1-t^2)dt##

which is equal to ##-3t+t^3+C##
and when I inserted all my renamed variables back into the equation I got
## \int\frac{3x^3}{\sqrt{1-x^2}}=-3\cos{(\sin^{-1}x)}+(\cos({\sin^{-1}x}))^3##
Which is nowhere near the answer that is given in my textbook so I don't even know where I made my mistake
Thanks
 
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What do you get, if you differentiate both solutions?
How do you know, that they aren't the same?
 
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Try putting x=sinθ again and simplifying. Note that you seem to have made a sign error in your last integration.
 
John Park said:
Try putting x=sinθ again and simplifying. Note that you seem to have made a sign error in your last integration.
No sign error in the integration result, only in the line before. But that's not the point. You simply have two expressions of possibly the same result.
 
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Thank you. I completely forgot that I could check my answer by just deriving what I got and checking if it is the same as the equation I started with
 
Question: A clock's minute hand has length 4 and its hour hand has length 3. What is the distance between the tips at the moment when it is increasing most rapidly?(Putnam Exam Question) Answer: Making assumption that both the hands moves at constant angular velocities, the answer is ## \sqrt{7} .## But don't you think this assumption is somewhat doubtful and wrong?

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