Finding the index of refraction with respect to the vertical axis

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SUMMARY

The discussion focuses on determining the index of refraction, n(z), in relation to the vertical coordinate z, and the trajectory of a light ray starting at an angle β ≤ 30 degrees. The participants derive the relationship using the equation \(\frac{n[z]}{\sqrt{1+z'[x]^2}}=\text{constant}\) and explore the general equation for an ellipse to express coordinates u and v in terms of β, a, and b. The solution involves substituting the derived expressions back into the original equation to find the trajectory of the light ray.

PREREQUISITES
  • Understanding of functional analysis and its applications in optics
  • Familiarity with the properties of ellipses and their equations
  • Knowledge of the relationship between angles and tangent functions
  • Basic principles of light refraction and the index of refraction
NEXT STEPS
  • Study the derivation of the index of refraction in varying media
  • Learn about the properties and equations of ellipses in coordinate geometry
  • Explore the application of calculus in optics, particularly in ray tracing
  • Investigate the implications of light behavior in non-uniform media
USEFUL FOR

Students in physics, particularly those studying optics and light behavior, as well as educators looking for practical examples of applying mathematical concepts to physical phenomena.

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Homework Statement


Studying the mirage, we can assume that the index of refraction depends only on the vertical coordinate z. A ray of light starts from {0,0} with angle [tex]\beta\leq30[/tex]. It's trajectory fits on an ellipse with major axis a and minor axis b.

a) Give [tex]n(z)=?[/tex]
b) What is the trajectory of a ray of light that starts with angle [tex]2\beta[/tex] ?

Homework Equations


From functional analysis we derived that in this situation:
[tex]\frac{n[z]}{\sqrt{1+z'[x]^2}}=\text{constant}[/tex]

The Attempt at a Solution



What I have problems with is expressing u and v in terms of beta,a and b. If I could do that then I could give the equation for the ellipse, order it for z[x] and insert it into the equation in 2. I was supposed to do this in an exam in about half an hour, so it has to have a simple solution that I cannot see even after looking at it for hours.

I have made a drawing
 
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Are u and v the (x,z) coordinates of the center of the ellipse? What about starting with the general equation for an ellipse, and setting z'=tan(β) at the origin?
 

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