Electrical resistance is the measure of how strongly a material impedes the flow of electric current through it. It is measured in ohms (Ω).
Electrical resistance is calculated using Ohm's Law, which states that resistance is equal to voltage divided by current (R=V/I). It can also be calculated using the equation R=ρL/A, where ρ is the resistivity of the material, L is the length, and A is the cross-sectional area.
Electrical resistance is important because it determines how much current can flow through a material and how much energy is lost in the form of heat. It also allows us to control and manipulate electricity for various applications.
The factors that affect electrical resistance include the material of the conductor, its length and cross-sectional area, and its temperature. Different materials have different resistivities, and longer and thinner conductors have higher resistance. Resistance also increases with temperature.
To reduce electrical resistance, you can use materials with lower resistivities, shorten the length of the conductor, increase its cross-sectional area, and keep it at a lower temperature. You can also use conductors with higher conductivity, such as copper or silver, instead of materials with higher resistivity, such as iron or steel.