To calculate the energy of a volcanic eruption, key variables include the Volcanic Explosivity Index (VEI), total ejecta, duration, and plume height. Understanding the purpose behind the calculation helps clarify which variables are essential. The primary focus is often on the amount of ejecta, while secondary factors like eruption duration and plume characteristics also play a role. Some methods involve analyzing shockwaves generated by eruptions, similar to how explosive events are assessed. Comparisons are made between volcanic eruptions and nuclear explosions, although it is noted that these events cannot be easily compared on a single scale due to their differing mechanisms and impacts. For instance, explosive volcanoes release significant amounts of ash and gases into the atmosphere, while nuclear explosions create immediate destruction and firestorms. Measuring the magnitude of eruptions can involve tracking the mass of materials ejected into the stratosphere and analyzing sediment fallout in various environments.